TAK-779

TAK-779 is a novel, potent and selective small-molecule antagonists of CCR5 with the IC50 value of 1.4nM in binding assay [1].

TAK-779 has been revealed selectively inhibit the binding of [125I]MCP-1 to CCR2b in CHO/CCR2b cells with an IC50 value of 27nM, the value was about 20-fold higher than that for CCR5. In addition, TAK-779 has shown the inhibitory effect on M-troppic HIV-1 (Ba-L strain) replication with the EC50 values of 1.2nM and 3.7nM in MAGI-CCR5 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), respectively. The 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 value) of TAK-779 for MAGI-CCR5 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are 51μM and >20μM, respectively [1].

References:
[1] Shiraishi M1, Aramaki Y, Seto M, Imoto H, Nishikawa Y, Kanzaki N, Okamoto M, Sawada H, Nishimura O, Baba M, Fujino M. Discovery of novel, potent, and selective small-molecule CCR5 antagonists as anti-HIV-1 agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of anilide derivatives with a quaternary ammonium moiety. J Med Chem. 2000 May 18;43(10):2049-63.

Diverse modifications of the 4-methylphenyl moiety of TAK-779 by late-stage Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.[Pubmed:24217712]

Org Biomol Chem. 2014 Jan 7;12(1):177-86.

Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of HIV-1 (AIDS). TAK-779 displays high affinity and selectivity for the CCR5 receptor and serves as a lead compound for the development of further antagonists. In order to increase the oral bioavailability replacement of the quaternary ammonium structure by a tertiary amine and modification of the 4-methylphenyl moiety were envisaged. Herein, a new synthetic strategy for the development of TAK-779 analogs by late stage diversification is reported. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions allowed various modifications of the central amide building block 3 at the end of the synthesis leading to compounds 2f and 2h with a promising CCR5 binding affinity.

Synthesis of thiophene-based TAK-779 analogues by C-H arylation.[Pubmed:23642160]

J Org Chem. 2013 Jun 7;78(11):5579-86.

A rapid synthesis of thiophene-based TAK-779 analogues 1 is reported using a late-stage diversification strategy. At the end of the synthesis, the key building block 2, which was prepared in six steps from thiophene, was arylated regioselectively at the alpha-position directly with iodoarenes. Since 2 offers several reactive positions, various established catalyst systems were tested. It was found that Crabtree catalyst (an Ir catalyst) converted efficiently and selectively the thiophene system 2 into 2-aryl-substituted compounds 9. The direct C-H arylation of 2 with electron-rich iodoarenes led to high yields, whereas electron-deficient iodoarenes required longer reaction times for complete conversion. A small set of diverse amides 1 was synthesized by hydrolysis of 9 and subsequent HATU coupling with primary amines 4.

CXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 binds to an intrahelical site distinct from that of the broad spectrum antagonist TAK-779.[Pubmed:25425280]

Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;172(7):1822-33.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is implicated in a variety of clinically important diseases, notably rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Consequently, antagonists of CXCR3 are of therapeutic interest. In this study, we set out to characterize binding sites of the specific low MW CXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 and the broad spectrum antagonist TAK-779 which blocks CXCR3 along with CCR2 and CCR5. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Molecular modelling of CXCR3, followed by virtual ligand docking, highlighted several CXCR3 residues likely to contact either antagonist, notably a conserved aspartate in helix 2 (Asp-112(2:63) ), which was postulated to interact with the quaternary nitrogen of TAK-779. Validation of modelling was carried out by site-directed mutagenesis of CXCR3, followed by assays of cell surface expression, ligand binding and receptor activation. KEY RESULTS: Mutation of Asn-132(3.33) , Phe-207 and Tyr-271(6.51) within CXCR3 severely impaired both ligand binding and chemotactic responses, suggesting that these residues are critical for maintenance of a functional CXCR3 conformation. Contrary to our hypothesis, mutation of Asp-112(2:63) had no observable effects on TAK-779 activity, but clearly decreased the antagonist potency of VUF 10085. Likewise, mutations of Phe-131(3.32) , Ile-279(6.59) and Tyr-308(7.43) were well tolerated and were critical for the antagonist activity of VUF 10085 but not for that of TAK-779. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This more detailed definition of a binding pocket within CXCR3 for low MW antagonists should facilitate the rational design of newer CXCR3 antagonists, with obvious clinical potential.

HIV-1 clade C envelopes obtained from late stage symptomatic Indian patients varied in their ability towards relative CD4 usages and sensitivity to CCR5 antagonist TAK-779.[Pubmed:21524671]

Virus Res. 2011 Jun;158(1-2):216-24.

The mechanism by which strictly CCR5 using HIV-1 clade C variants exacerbate disease progression in absence of coreceptor switch is not clearly known. We previously reported HIV-1 clade C envelopes (Env) obtained from late stage Indian patients with expanded coreceptor tropism. Here we compared such Envs (having expanded coreceptor tropism) with strictly CCR5 using Envs also obtained from late stage in their capacity to utilize CD4 and CCR5 for productive entry. We found that while envelopes with low CD4 dependence tend to infect primary CD4(+) T cells better than those required optimum CD4 for entry, no significant association was found between low CD4 usage and infectivity of primary CD4(+) T cells by Env-pseudotyped viruses and their sensitivity to CCR5 antagonist TAK-779. Interestingly, Envs that readily infected HeLa cells expressing low CD4 showed relative resistance to T20 indicating that conformational intermediates of these envelopes remained for a shorter period of time than is required for efficient inhibition by T20.

TAK-779 is a potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of CCR5 and CXCR3, with a Ki of 1.1 nM for CCR5, and effectively and selectively inhibits R5 HIV-1, with EC50 and EC90 of 1.2 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively, in MAGI-CCR5 cells.

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