5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone

Protective effect of 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,7-trimethoxyflavone against inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophage: in vitro study and in silico validation.[Reference: WebLink]

Med. Chem. Res.,2016,25(9):1754-67.

The herb Lippia nodiflora L. (Verbenaceae) has been documented to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antitussive, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimelanogenesis properties. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone, a flavonoid from L. nodiflora, using lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
5-hydroxy-3′,4′,7-trimethoxyflavone significantly inhibited nitric oxide production and demonstrated slight reduction in prostaglandin-E2 level at tested concentrations. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, were obviously reduced by 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone significantly induced reduction in the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, representing that inhibition occurs at the transcriptional level. In addition, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations to study the interaction of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone with inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Docking study showed its hydrogen bond interactions with key residues in the active site of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, enlightening its possible binding mode at the molecular level. The results of molecular dynamic simulations showed the stability of complexes and their interactions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, these findings envisage 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone as a potential candidate molecule for the progress of therapeutic strategy against inflammation-related diseases.

Antifungal Flavonoids from Ballota glandulosissima.[Reference: WebLink]

Pharm. Biol.,2008, 41(7):483-6.

The flavonoids kumatakenin (1), pachypodol (2), 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (3), velutin (4), salvigenin (5), retusin (6) and corymbosin (7) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Ballota glandulosissima Hub.-Mor & Patzak. Among them, 2–4 and 7 have not been reported previously in the genus Ballota.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The antibacterial and antifungal activities of 1–4 and 6 were tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus faecalis, Echerichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida galabrata.

Anti-infective Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Vitex pinnata.[Reference: WebLink]

J.Appl. Pharm. Sci.,2016,6(1):102-6.

The phytochemical investigation of Vitex pinnata led to the isolation of a mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (1a and 1b) and three known flavonoid identified as 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone(2), 5-hydroxy-7,4’-dimethoxy-flavone (3) and 5-hydroxy-3,3’,4’,7-tetramethoxyflavone (4). The structures of all isolated compounds were carried out by NMR and mass spectrometry.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-infective activities against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Microbacterium marinum. Compound 1-4 showed moderate antitrypanosomal activity with MIC values of 6.25μg/ml, 19.0, 21.0 and 17.0μM, respectively while no activity observed on anti-mycobacterial.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study is the first to report the presence of three flavones and their antitrypanosomal activity from V. pinnata.

Anti-allergenic activity of polymethoxyflavones from Kaempferia parviflora.[Reference: WebLink]

In vitro, fluorescence-quenching and computational studies on the interaction between lipoxygenase and 5-hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone from Lippia nodiflora L.[Pubmed: 26155726]

J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2015 Jul 9:1-9.

The folk use of L. nodiflora was validated using the isolated natural compound, 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (HTMF) by in vitro, fluorescence spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies with lipoxygenase (LOX), because LOX plays an essential role in inflammatory responses.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this perspective, the methanol extract and 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone are shown to demonstrate prominent inhibitory activity against soybean lipoxygenase, with an IC50 value of 21.12 and 23.97 µg/ml, respectively. The data obtained from the spectroscopic method revealed that the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of LOX is produced as a result of the complex formation of LOX-5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone. The binding mode analysis of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone within the LOX enzyme suggested that hydrogen bond formation, hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking could account for the binding of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone. Molecular dynamics results indicated the interaction of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone with LOX and the stability of ligand-enzyme complex was maintained throughout the simulation.
CONCLUSIONS:
The computational results are reliable with experimental facts and provided a good representation for understanding the binding mode of 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone inside the active site of lipoxygenase enzyme.

Journal of Functional Foods, 2015,13:100-7.

The inhibitory effects of 13 polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) obtained from Kaempferia parviflora extracts were evaluated on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
These flavones suppressed antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. 5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (KP02) and 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′,-trimethoxyflavone (KP10) showed potent inhibitory activities. KP10 significantly suppressed calcium ionophores, such as A23187 and 2,5-ditert-butylhydroquinone, which promoted calcium influx from the outside of cells and from the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. However, these activities did not fully explain the PMFs' effects. Immunoblot analysis of KP02 and KP10 showed that the inhibitory effects were attributable to the downregulation of PLCγ1 kinase phosphorylation in the signaling pathways involved in degranulation. The phosphorylation levels of Syk were also suppressed by the addition of KP10. KP02 and KP10 treatment to the cells did not affect the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) levels inside RBL-2H3 cells, but they suppressed the FcεRI levels in the plasma membrane.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, K. parviflora PMFs have multiple degranulation mechanisms to suppress RBL-2H3 cells and would be beneficial for alleviating type I allergy symptoms.