AL 8697

AL8697 is a selective p38 MAPK(mitogen-activated protein Kinase) inhibitor, which is also named P38 α inhibitor. It has the function of inhibiting the activity of P38 MAPK.[1]

Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a group of signaling molecules that appear to play important roles in inflammatory processes. The P38 MAPK is one of the best described MAPK cascades. The p38 MAPK plays a key role in both the synthesis and the signalling of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa and IL-6 by monocyte/macrophages. The p38 MAPK are involved in the up-regulation of TNF production by murine macrophages.It has high activity in cardiovascular cells under a variety of cellular stresses. In cardiovascular disease, the P38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated.[2,3]

AL8697 function by the inhibition of P38 MAPK. It regulates a variety of cell activities related with P38 MAPK.

In a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, AL8697 exhibited a good anti-inflammatory effect and induced leukocytosis and increased total plasma cholesterol, these properties were evidently at 10 mg/kg. In addition, AL8697 partially restored the platelet count. The complex profile for AL8697 in rat AIA (adjuvant-induced arthritis) is not observed in human RA (rheumatoid arthritis).[1]

References:
[1].  Balagué C, Pont M, Prats N, Godessart N. Profiling of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, p38 and JAK inhibitors in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model: a translational study. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;166(4):1320-32
[2].  Ajizian SJ, English BK, Meals EA.Specific inhibitors of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways block inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor accumulation in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. J Infect Dis. 1999 Apr;179(4):939-44.
[3].   Bao W, Behm DJ, Nerurkar SS, Ao Z, et al. Effects of p38 MAPK Inhibitor on angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, organ damage, and superoxide anion production. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007 Jun;49(6):362-8.

Novel triazolopyridylbenzamides as potent and selective p38alpha inhibitors.[Pubmed:22521646]

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 15;22(10):3431-6.

A new class of p38alpha inhibitors based on a biaryl-triazolopyridine scaffold was investigated. X-ray crystallographic data of the initial lead compound cocrystallised with p38alpha was crucial in order to uncover a unique binding mode of the inhibitor to the hinge region via a pair of water molecules. Synthesis and SAR was directed towards the improvement of binding affinity, as well as ADME properties for this new class of p38alpha inhibitors and ultimately afforded compounds showing good in vivo efficacy.

Profiling of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, p38 and JAK inhibitors in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model: a translational study.[Pubmed:22229697]

Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;166(4):1320-32.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Translational animal models are essential in the prediction of the efficacy and side effects of new chemical entities. We have carried out a thorough study of three distinct disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model in the rat and critically appraised the results in the context of the reported clinical experience in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Teriflunomide - a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor; AL8697 - a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor; and tofacitinib - a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor; were selected as representatives of their class and dose-response studies carried out using a therapeutic 10-day administration scheme in arthritic rats. Paw swelling and body weight were periodically monitored, and joint radiology and histology, lymph organ weight and haematological and biochemical parameters evaluated at study completion. KEY RESULTS: All three drugs demonstrated beneficial effects on paw swelling, bone lesions and splenomegalia, with p38 inhibition providing the best anti-inflammatory effect and JAK inhibition the best DMARD effect. Leukopenia, body weight loss and gastrointestinal toxicity were dose-dependently observed with teriflunomide treatment. p38 MAPK inhibition induced leukocytosis and increased total plasma cholesterol. JAK inhibition, normalized platelet, reticulocyte and neutrophil counts, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels while inducing lymphopenia and cholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This multiparametric approach can reveal specific drug properties and provide translational information. Whereas the complex profile for p38 inhibition in AIA is not observed in human RA, immunosuppressants such as DHODH and JAK inhibitors show DMARD properties and side effects seen in both AIA and RA.

AL 8697, a specific and orally active p38α MAPK inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 nM, 14-fold less potent in p38β MAPK (IC50=82 nM), exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.

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