E-3810

E-3810 is a small-molecule dual inhibitor of VEGF and FGF receptors with IC 50 values of 7, 25, 10, 17.5, 82.5 and 237.5 nM for VEGFR-1, 2, 3, FGFR-1, 2 and 3, respectively [1].
The vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are important factors in angiogenesis. They promote the process of angiogenesis through binding to their associated tyrosine kinase receptors and trigger a cascade signaling pathway that finally leads to the increased proliferation of the blood vessel cells and permeability of the vessels. Tumor cells are rapidly proliferating cells which need more vessels to deliver nutrients, therefore VEGFR and FGFR are attractive targets in antitumor treatment. As a selective inhibitor of VEGFR and FGFR, E-3810 shows potent effects in both in vitro and in vivo assays [1].
E-3810 exerted potent inhibition effects on all the three receptors of VEGFR family and two members (FGFR-1 and 2) of FGFR family in MTS assay. It also had effects on colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1R with IC50 value of 5 nM. When treated with human umbelical vein cells (HUVEC), E-3810 significantly inhibited cell proliferation induced by the addition of VEGF and bFGF with IC50 values of 40 and 50 nM, respectively. In NIH3T3 cells, E-3810 showed no inhibitory efficacy on PDGFR until the concentration of it was up to μM range, demonstrating the selectivity of E-3810 [1].
In the mice model, oral administration of 20 mg/kg E-3810 for 7 days significantly inhibited vessel formation induced by bFGF. E-3810 also exerted effective inhibition on tumor growth in variety of human tumor xenografts such as A498, HT29 and A2780. Besides that, it was reported that the combination treatment of E-3810 and paclitaxel showed higher antitumor activity than that of paclitaxel with brivanib or sunitinib in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts [1, 2].
References:
[1]. Bello E, Colella G, Scarlato V, et al. E-3810 is a potent dual inhibitor of VEGFR and FGFR that exerts antitumor activity in multiple preclinical models. Cancer research, 2011, 71(4): 1396-1405.
[2]. Bello E, Taraboletti G, Colella G, et al. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor E-3810 combined with paclitaxel inhibits the growth of advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2013, 12(2): 131-140.

HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of the novel dual inhibitor of FGF and VEGF receptors E-3810 in tumor tissues from xenograft mice and human biopsies.[Pubmed:24446259]

J Mass Spectrom. 2014 Jan;49(1):19-26.

We developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method to measure E-3810, a novel dual inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3 in tissues and determined the drug concentration in a biopsy of human breast cancer for the first time. The method is a modification of our previous one in plasma to study the clinical pharmacokinetics of the drug during the phase I/II trial. In view of the changes in matrix, we applied a partial validation protocol to determine recovery, sensitivity, range of linearity, precision, accuracy and stability of the method over three runs in a mouse tumor tissue and liver. The recovery of E-3810 from liver or tumor homogenate was >69%, and the lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/ml. The method was linear in the concentration range 5.0-500.0 ng/ml, as demonstrated by a determination coefficient R(2) >/= 0.9955. The range of the calibration curve was appropriate for the analysis, as demonstrated by the accuracy, which was between 91.4% and 106.7%. Interday precision and accuracy on quality control samples at 9, 30 and 300 ng/ml were 3.1-11.2% and 98.3-111.4%, respectively. The assay was applied successfully to determine the intratumor concentration of E-3810 in different mouse xenograft tumor models and in a biopsy of a patient with breast cancer included in the phase I/II trial of the drug. In mouse tumors, the concentrations of E-3810 were higher than necessary to exert antitumor activity in vitro (1 microM). Even more of interest was the result obtained in a human biopsy of few milligrams, where E-3810 reached 4.9 microg/g (11 microM).

Quantitative chemical proteomics identifies novel targets of the anti-cancer multi-kinase inhibitor E-3810.[Pubmed:24696502]

Mol Cell Proteomics. 2014 Jun;13(6):1495-509.

Novel drugs are designed against specific molecular targets, but almost unavoidably they bind non-targets, which can cause additional biological effects that may result in increased activity or, more frequently, undesired toxicity. Chemical proteomics is an ideal approach for the systematic identification of drug targets and off-targets, allowing unbiased screening of candidate interactors in their natural context (tissue or cell extracts). E-3810 is a novel multi-kinase inhibitor currently in clinical trials for its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. In biochemical assays, E-3810 targets primarily vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor receptors. Interestingly, E-3810 appears to inhibit the growth of tumor cells with low to undetectable levels of these proteins in vitro, suggesting that additional relevant targets exist. We applied chemical proteomics to screen for E-3810 targets by immobilizing the drug on a resin and exploiting stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to design experiments that allowed the detection of novel interactors and the quantification of their dissociation constant (Kd imm) for the immobilized drug. In addition to the known target FGFR2 and PDGFRalpha, which has been described as a secondary E-3810 target based on in vitro assays, we identified six novel candidate kinase targets (DDR2, YES, LYN, CARDIAK, EPHA2, and CSBP). These kinases were validated in a biochemical assay and-in the case of the cell-surface receptor DDR2, for which activating mutations have been recently discovered in lung cancer-cellular assays. Taken together, the success of our strategy-which integrates large-scale target identification and quality-controlled target affinity measurements using quantitative mass spectrometry-in identifying novel E-3810 targets further supports the use of chemical proteomics to dissect the mechanism of action of novel drugs.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor E-3810 combined with paclitaxel inhibits the growth of advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer xenografts.[Pubmed:23270924]

Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Feb;12(2):131-40.

E-3810 is a novel small molecule that inhibits VEGF receptor-1, -2, and -3 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinases at nmol/L concentrations currently in phase clinical II. In preclinical studies, it had a broad spectrum of antitumor activity when used as monotherapy in a variety of human xenografts. We here investigated the activity of E-3810 combined with different cytotoxic agents in a MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model. The molecule could be safely administered with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. The E-3810-paclitaxel combination showed a striking activity with complete, lasting tumor regressions; the antitumor activity of the combination was also confirmed in another triple-negative breast xenograft, MX-1. The activity was superior to that of the combinations paclitaxel+brivanib and paclitaxel+sunitinib. Pharmacokinetics studies suggest that the extra antitumor activity of the combination is not due to higher paclitaxel tumor levels, which in fact were lower in mice pretreated with all three kinase inhibitors, and the paclitaxel plasma levels excluded reduced drug availability. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that E-3810, brivanib, and sunitinib given as single agents or in combination with paclitaxel reduced the number of vessels, but did not modify vessel maturation. Reduced tumor collagen IV and increased plasma collagen IV, associated with increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), particularly host MMP-9, indicate a proteolytic remodeling of the extracellular matrix caused by E-3810 that in conjunction with the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel on the tumor cells (caspase-3/7 activity) may contribute to the striking activity of their combination. These data support the therapeutic potential of combining E-3810 with conventional chemotherapy.

Lucitanib (E-3810) is a novel dual inhibitor of VEGFR and FGFR, potently and selectively inhibits VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, FGFR1 and FGFR2 with IC50s of 7 nM, 25 nM, 10 nM, 17.5 nM, and 82.5 nM, respectively.

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