Acemetacin

Acemetacin (Emflex) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

Proniosomal oral tablets for controlled delivery and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties of acemetacin.[Pubmed:25319057]

AAPS PharmSciTech. 2015 Apr;16(2):375-83.

Free-flowing proniosomal powders of Acemetacin (AC) were prepared using the slurry method and maltodextrin as carrier. Positively charged proniosomes composed of 70:20:10 of Span 60/cholesterol (Chol)/stearylamine (SA), respectively, were successively compressed into tablets using direct compression method. The tablets were characterized for weight variability, friability, hardness, drug content uniformity, and dissolution properties. The in vivo evaluation of the prepared proniosomes (powder or tablet forms) after oral administration was investigated by the determination of AC and its active metabolite indomethacin (IND) in the blood of albino rabbits. Results indicated that the increase of Chol from 10% to 20% markedly reduced the efflux of the drug. Further Chol addition from 30% to 50% led to increased AC release rates. The proniosome tablets of AC showed greater hardness and disintegration time and less friability than AC plain tablets. The dissolution of proniosomal tablets indicated a lower drug release percentage compared to powdered proniosomes and AC plain tablets. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of AC and IND from different formulations indicated increased t 1/2 and area under the curve (AUC) of both AC and IND for proniosomal tablets compared with both proniosomal powders and AC plain tablets. This study suggested the formulation of AC proniosomal powder into tablets to control and extend its pharmacologic effects.

Acemetacin-induced fixed drug eruption.[Pubmed:27114641]

Indian J Pharmacol. 2016 Mar-Apr;48(2):219-20.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is an adverse effect observed with various drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and various antibiotics. Acemetacin, a prodrug of indomethacin, is an NSAID licensed for use in rheumatic disease and other musculoskeletal disorders. We present a case of Acemetacin-induced FDE in a 49-year-old woman. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report detailing clinical and histopathological findings of a patient with FDE caused by Acemetacin.

Acemetacin cocrystals and salts: structure solution from powder X-ray data and form selection of the piperazine salt.[Pubmed:25075330]

IUCrJ. 2014 Feb 28;1(Pt 2):136-50.

Acemetacin (ACM) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which causes reduced gastric damage compared with indomethacin. However, Acemetacin has a tendency to form a less soluble hydrate in the aqueous medium. We noted difficulties in the preparation of cocrystals and salts of Acemetacin by mechanochemical methods, because this drug tends to form a hydrate during any kind of solution-based processing. With the objective to discover a solid form of Acemetacin that is stable in the aqueous medium, binary adducts were prepared by the melt method to avoid hydration. The coformers/salt formers reported are pyridine carboxamides [nicotinamide (NAM), isonicotinamide (INA), and picolinamide (PAM)], caprolactam (CPR), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and piperazine (PPZ). The structures of an ACM-INA cocrystal and a binary adduct ACM-PABA were solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Other ACM cocrystals, ACM-PAM and ACM-CPR, and the piperazine salt ACM-PPZ were solved from high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data. The ACM-INA cocrystal is sustained by the acidcdots, three dots, centeredpyridine heterosynthon and N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO catemer hydrogen bonds involving the amide group. The acidcdots, three dots, centeredamide heterosynthon is present in the ACM-PAM cocrystal, while ACM-CPR contains carboxamide dimers of caprolactam along with acid-carbonyl (ACM) hydrogen bonds. The cocrystals ACM-INA, ACM-PAM and ACM-CPR are three-dimensional isostructural. The carboxylcdots, three dots, centeredcarboxyl synthon in ACM-PABA posed difficulty in assigning the position of the H atom, which may indicate proton disorder. In terms of stability, the salts were found to be relatively stable in pH 7 buffer medium over 24 h, but the cocrystals dissociated to give ACM hydrate during the same time period. The ACM-PPZ salt and ACM-nicotinamide cocrystal dissolve five times faster than the stable hydrate form, whereas the ACM-PABA adduct has 2.5 times faster dissolution rate. The pharmaceutically acceptable piperazine salt of Acemetacin exhibits superior stability, faster dissolution rate and is able to overcome the hydration tendency of the reference drug.

Multivariate optimization of separation conditions for simultaneous determination of acemetacin and chlorzoxazone in a pharmaceutical preparation by HPLC using response surface methodology.[Pubmed:24000743]

J AOAC Int. 2013 Jul-Aug;96(4):723-9.

A new, fast, accurate, precise, and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Acemetacin and chlorzoxazone has been developed. Response surface methodology with a central composite design was used to optimize the acetonitrile and ammonium acetate percentage in the mobile phase and pH of ammonium acetate. The optimum separation was achieved on a C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm particle size) using the mobile phase methanol-acetonitrile-0.02 M ammonium acetate, pH 9.4 (25 + 35 + 40, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min; UV detection at 270 nm, and cyanocobalamin as an internal standard. This developed method was validated and successfully applied to a coated tablet pharmaceutical preparation.

Acemetacin (TVX 1322) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a glycolic acid ester of indometacin that is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

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