Antidesmone

Chemotaxonomy of the tribe Antidesmeae (Euphorbiaceae): antidesmone and related compounds.[Pubmed:12052515]

Phytochemistry. 2002 Jul;60(5):489-96.

Selected species of the tribe Antidesmeae (Euphorbiaceae, subfamily Phyllanthoideae) have been screened for Antidesmone occurrence and its content by quantitative HPLC (UV) and qualitative LC-MS/MS analysis. The LC-MS analysis allowing the additional detection of 17,18-bis-nor-Antidesmone, 18-nor-Antidesmone, 8-dihydroAntidesmone and 8-deoxoAntidesmone was carried out in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Leaf material from herbarium specimens of 13 Antidesma spp., Hyeronima alchorneoides and Thecacoris stenopetala (all subtribe Antidesminae), as well as Maesobotrya barteri, Aporosa octandra (both Scepinae) and Uapaca robynsii (Uapacinae) were analysed. Additionally, freshly collected samples of different plant parts of two Antidesma spp. were investigated to ensure the significance of the results on herbarium specimens and to compare the Antidesmone content in bark, root and leaves. Antidesmone could be unambiguously identified in 12 of 13 Antidesma spp., as well as in the two other investigated genera of subtribe Antidesminae, in levels of up to 65 mg/kg plant dry weight. Antidesmone was not found in specimens from other subtribes. Antidesmone-derived compounds occur in much lower concentrations than Antidesmone.

Evaluation of antidesmone alkaloid as a photosynthesis inhibitor.[Pubmed:27914540]

Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016 Nov;134:55-62.

Antidesmone, isolated from Waltheria brachypetala Turcz., owns special structural features as two alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups and a side alkyl chain that can compete with the quinones involved in the pool of plastoquinones at photosystem II (PSII). In this work, we showed that the alkaloid is an inhibitor of Hill reaction and its target was located at the acceptor side of PSII. Studies of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence showed a J-band that indicates direct action of Antidesmone in accumulation of QA(-) (reduced plastoquinone A) due to the electron transport blocked at the QB (plastoquinone B) level similar to DCMU. In vivo assays indicated that Antidesmone is a selective post-emergent herbicide probe at 300muM by reducing the biomass production of Physalis ixacarpa plants. Furthermore, Antidesmone also behaves as pre-emergent herbicide due to inhibit Physalis ixacarpa plant growth about 60%. Antidesmone, a natural product containing a 4(1H)-pyridones scaffold, will serve as a valuable tool in further development of a new class of herbicides.

Antidesmone, a unique tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid, prevents acute lung injury via regulating MAPK and NF-kappaB activities.[Pubmed:28157559]

Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Apr;45:34-42.

Acute lung injury, characterized by inflammation, is a main cause of respiratory failure that affects patients worldwide. Antidesmone is one compound mainly isolated from Ajugade cumbens Thunb (Labiatae), an herb agent of Labiatae family. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammation effect of Antidesmone in vitro and in vivo. Antidesmone exerted none apparently cytotoxicity in vitro and toxic in vivo. In vitro results demonstrated that Antidesmone suppressed the excess inflammatory cytokines production, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed RAW264.7 cells. In vivo results suggested that Antidesmone inhibited inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue after LPS stimulation. Moreover, Antidesmone attenuated the nuclear translocation of p65. Mechanism study revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways play important roles in Antidesmone's action. Taken together, our data uncover a relative toxic anti-inflammatory drug, Antidesmone, can inhibit inflammation on stimulated macrophages and thereby prevents acute lung injury by regulating MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.