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GSK 650394

SGK1 inhibitor CAS# 890842-28-1

GSK 650394

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Quality Control of GSK 650394

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Chemical structure

GSK 650394

3D structure

Chemical Properties of GSK 650394

Cas No. 890842-28-1 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 25022668 Appearance Powder
Formula C25H22N2O2 M.Wt 382.45
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 40.7 mg/mL (106.42 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name 2-cyclopentyl-4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid
SMILES C1CCC(C1)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)C3=CNC4=NC=C(C=C34)C5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)O
Standard InChIKey WVSBGSNVCDAMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C25H22N2O2/c28-25(29)20-11-10-18(12-21(20)17-8-4-5-9-17)23-15-27-24-22(23)13-19(14-26-24)16-6-2-1-3-7-16/h1-3,6-7,10-15,17H,4-5,8-9H2,(H,26,27)(H,28,29)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of GSK 650394

DescriptionSerum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor (IC50 values are 62 and 103 nM for SGK1 and SGK2 respectively). Displays >30-fold selectivity over Akt and other related kinases. Inhibits androgen-stimulated growth of LNCaP cells, a human prostate carcinoma cell line (IC50 ~ 1 μM).

GSK 650394 Dilution Calculator

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GSK 650394 Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of GSK 650394

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.6147 mL 13.0736 mL 26.1472 mL 52.2944 mL 65.368 mL
5 mM 0.5229 mL 2.6147 mL 5.2294 mL 10.4589 mL 13.0736 mL
10 mM 0.2615 mL 1.3074 mL 2.6147 mL 5.2294 mL 6.5368 mL
50 mM 0.0523 mL 0.2615 mL 0.5229 mL 1.0459 mL 1.3074 mL
100 mM 0.0261 mL 0.1307 mL 0.2615 mL 0.5229 mL 0.6537 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on GSK 650394

GSK 650394 is a small molecule inhibitor of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) with IC50 value of 13nM [1].

Sgk1 gene is a target gene of androgen. Knockdown of SGK1 expression attenuates androgen-mediated growth of the prostate cancer cell line. Thus, the inhibition of SGK1 is a novel mechanism for the treatment of prostate cancer. GSK 650394 is a competitive inhibitor of SGK1. It shows potent inhibitory activity against the purified SGK1 with IC50 value of 13nM in a fluorescence polarization assay. In the activity-based scintillation proximity assay, GSK 650394 prevents the phosphorylation activity of SGK1 and SGK2 with IC50 values of 62nM and 103nM, respectively. Moreover, GSK 650394 suppresses the androgen-mediated increase of Nedd4-2 phosphorylation in LNCaP cells. It also significantly inhibits cell growth stimulated by androgen with IC50 value of about 1μM [1].

References:
[1] Sherk A B, Frigo D E, Schnackenberg C G, et al. Development of a small-molecule serum-and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 antagonist and its evaluation as a prostate cancer therapeutic. Cancer research, 2008, 68(18): 7475-7483.

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References on GSK 650394

GSK-3beta Overexpression Alters the Dendritic Spines of Developmentally Generated Granule Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.[Pubmed:28344548]

Front Neuroanat. 2017 Mar 10;11:18.

The dentate gyrus (DG) plays a crucial role in hippocampal-related memory. The most abundant cellular type in the DG, namely granule neurons, are developmentally generated around postnatal day P6 in mice. Moreover, a unique feature of the DG is the occurrence of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a process that gives rise to newborn granule neurons throughout life. Adult-born and developmentally generated granule neurons share some maturational aspects but differ in others, such as in their positioning within the granule cell layer. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis encompasses a series of plastic changes that modify the function of the hippocampal trisynaptic network. In this regard, it is known that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) regulates both synaptic plasticity and memory. By using a transgenic mouse overexpressing GSK-3beta in hippocampal neurons, we previously demonstrated that the overexpression of this kinase has deleterious effects on the maturation of newborn granule neurons. In the present study, we addressed the effects of GSK-3beta overexpression on the morphology and number of dendritic spines of developmentally generated granule neurons. To this end, we performed intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow in developmentally generated granule neurons of wild-type and GSK-3beta-overexpressing mice and analyzed the number and morphologies of dendritic spines (namely, stubby, thin and mushroom). GSK-3beta overexpression led to a general reduction in the number of dendritic spines. In addition, it caused a slight reduction in the percentage, head diameter and length of thin spines, whereas the head diameter of mushroom spines was increased.

Transient Cerebral Ischemia Alters GSK-3beta and p-GSK-3beta Immunoreactivity in Pyramidal Neurons and Induces p-GSK-3beta Expression in Astrocytes in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Area.[Pubmed:28349361]

Neurochem Res. 2017 Aug;42(8):2305-2313.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) is a key downstream protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway. Phosphorylation of serine 9 of GSK-3beta (GSK-3beta activity inhibition) promotes cell survival. In this study, we examined changes in expressions of GSK-3beta and phosphorylation of GSK-3beta (p-GSK-3beta) in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. GSK-3beta immunoreactivity in the CA1 area was increased in pyramidal cells at 6 h after ischemia-reperfusion. It was decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells from 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion, and hardly detected in the CA1 pyramidal cells at 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion. p-GSK-3beta immunoreactivity was slightly decreased in CA1 pyramidal cells at 6 and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion. It was significantly increased in these cells at 1 and 2 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Five days after ischemia-reperfusion, p-GSK-3beta immunoreactivity was hardly found in CA1 pyramidal cells. However, p-GSK-3beta immunoreactivity was strongly expressed in astrocytes primarily distributed in strata oriens and radiatum. In conclusion, GSK-3beta and p-GSK-3beta were significantly changed in pyramidal cells and/or astrocytes in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. This finding indicates that GSK-3beta and p-GSK-3beta are closely related to delayed neuronal death.

Activation of Ras-ERK Signaling and GSK-3 by Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid Beta Facilitates Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.[Pubmed:28374012]

eNeuro. 2017 Mar 27;4(2). pii: eN-NWR-0149-16.

It is widely accepted that amyloid beta (Abeta) generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) oligomerizes and fibrillizes to form neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet little is known about the contribution of APP to intracellular signaling events preceding AD pathogenesis. The data presented here demonstrate that APP expression and neuronal exposure to oligomeric Abeta42 enhance Ras/ERK signaling cascade and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activation. We find that RNA interference (RNAi)-directed knockdown of APP in B103 rat neuroblastoma cells expressing APP inhibits Ras-ERK signaling and GSK-3 activation, indicating that APP acts upstream of these signal transduction events. Both ERK and GSK-3 are known to induce hyperphosphorylation of tau and APP at Thr668, and our findings suggest that aberrant signaling by APP facilitates these events. Supporting this notion, analysis of human AD brain samples showed increased expression of Ras, activation of GSK-3, and phosphorylation of APP and tau, which correlated with Abeta levels in the AD brains. Furthermore, treatment of primary rat neurons with Abeta recapitulated these events and showed enhanced Ras-ERK signaling, GSK-3 activation, upregulation of cyclin D1, and phosphorylation of APP and tau. The finding that Abeta induces Thr668 phosphorylation on APP, which enhances APP proteolysis and Abeta generation, denotes a vicious feedforward mechanism by which APP and Abeta promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration in AD. Based on these results, we hypothesize that aberrant proliferative signaling by APP plays a fundamental role in AD neurodegeneration and that inhibition of this would impede cell cycle deregulation and neurodegeneration observed in AD.

SLM, a novel carbazole-based fluorophore attenuates okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3beta activity in SH-SY5Y cells.[Pubmed:28359686]

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017 Dec 15;110:101-108.

Phosphorylated tau dissociates from microtubules and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles resulting in neuronal toxicity and cognitive deficits. Attenuating tau hyperphosphorylation is considered as an effective therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). From our previous study, SLM, a carbazole-based fluorophore prevents Abeta aggregation, reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in triple transgenic mouse model of AD. However, the mechanism by which SLM attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation warrants further investigation. In the current study, we intend to evaluate the effects of SLM against okadaic acid (OA)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and microtubules instability in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The results showed that, SLM reduced the OA-induced cell neurotoxicity and tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. SLM treatment down-regulated GSK-3beta activity. However, in the presence of GSK-3beta inhibitor (SB216763, 10muM), SLM treatment could not reduce GSK-3beta activity and tau hyperphosphorylation as compared with SB216763 treatment alone. Furthermore, SLM treatment also ameliorated OA-induced microtubules instability and cytoskeleton damage. Collectively, SLM attenuated OA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via down-regulating GSK-3beta activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, this study supports SLM as a potential compound for AD and other tau pathology-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) activation in breast cancer: requirement for mTORC1 activity associates with ER-alpha expression.[Pubmed:22842983]

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Sep;135(2):469-79.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an attractive target for cancer treatment. While rapamycin and its derivatives (e.g., everolimus) have been shown to inhibit mTOR signaling and cell proliferation in preclinical models of breast cancer, mTOR inhibition has demonstrated variable clinical efficacy with a trend toward better responses in estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERalpha+) compared to ERalpha negative (ERalpha-) tumors. Recently, serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was identified as a substrate of mTOR kinase activity. Previous studies have alternatively suggested that either mTORC1 or mTORC2 is exclusively required for SGK1's Ser422 phosphorylation and activation in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effect of rapamycin on the growth of several ERalpha+ and ERalpha- breast cancer cell lines and examined differences in the phosphorylation of mTOR substrates (SGK1, p70S6K, and Akt) that might account for the differing sensitivity of these cell lines to rapamycin. We also examined which mTOR complex contributes to SGK1-Ser422 phosphorylation in ERalpha+ versus ERalpha- breast cell lines. We then assessed whether inhibiting SGK1 activity added to rapamycin-mediated cell growth inhibition by either using the SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394A or expressing an SGK1 shRNA. We observed sensitivity to rapamycin-mediated growth inhibition and inactivation of insulin-mediated SGK1-Ser422 phosphorylation in ERalpha+ MCF-7 and T47D cells, but not in ERalpha- MDA-MB-231 or MCF10A-Myc cells. In addition, either depleting SGK1 with shRNA or inhibiting SGK1 with GSK650394A preferentially sensitized MDA-MB-231 cells to rapamycin. Finally, we found that rapamycin-sensitive SGK1-Ser422 phosphorylation required ERalpha expression in MCF-7 derived cell lines. Therefore, targeting SGK1 activity may improve the efficacy of rapamycin and its analogs in the treatment of ERalpha- breast cancer.

Development of a small-molecule serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 antagonist and its evaluation as a prostate cancer therapeutic.[Pubmed:18794135]

Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;68(18):7475-83.

Androgens, through their actions on the androgen receptor (AR), are required for the development of the prostate and contribute to the pathologic growth dysregulation observed in prostate cancers. Consequently, androgen ablation has become an essential component of the pharmacotherapy of prostate cancer. In this study, we explored the utility of targeting processes downstream of AR as an alternate approach for therapy. Specifically, we show that the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) gene is an androgen-regulated target gene in cellular models of prostate cancer. Furthermore, functional serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) protein, as determined by the phosphorylation of its target Nedd4-2, was also increased with androgen treatment. Importantly, we determined that RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SGK1 expression attenuates the androgen-mediated growth of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Given these findings, we explored the utility of SGK1 as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer by developing and evaluating a small-molecule inhibitor of this enzyme. From these studies emerged GSK650394, a competitive inhibitor that quantitatively blocks the effect of androgens on LNCaP cell growth. Thus, in addition to androgen ablation, inhibition of pathways downstream of AR is likely to have therapeutic utility in prostate cancer.

Description

GSK 650394 is a novel SGK inhibitor with IC50 of 62 nM and 103 nM for SGK1 and SGK2 in the SPA assay respectively. GSK 650394 also inhibits influenza virus replication.

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