LY2801653

LY2801653 is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of c-MET kinase with IC50 value of 2 nM [1].

C-MET kinase is also known as hepacyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), which is a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase receptor. HGF is the only ligand for this receptor. The binding of HGF induces conformational changes of c-MET and thus activate tyrosine kinase activity, to process downstream signaling. C-MET signaling regulate various cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis, and abnormal activation of c-MET kinase may trigger tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.

Biochemical study and crystallization study identified LY2801653 was a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of c-MET kinase, where the inhibition was completed by suppression of c-MET kinase phosphorylation [1]. In vitro study showed that 0.01-10 μM LY2801653 was able to completely block HGF-induced DU-145 cell scattering regulated by c-MET kinase, which demonstrated the inhibition of c-MET kinase activity. When LY2801653 was screened with a panel of cell lines, it was found more potent anti-proliferative activity of LY2801653 in those cell lines with MET gene expression than without MET gene expression [2].

Mice bearing U-87MG xenograft were treated with low dose (1.3 mg/kg) and high dose (12 mg/kg) LY2801653 once daily for 28 days, and the tissues were characterized. It was found that low dose treatment resulted in a trend of reducing the area of c-MET kinase-associated apoptosis while the high dose treatment resulted in significant reduced apoptosis area. Additionally, high dose resulted in the suppression of c-MET kinase-associated angiogenesis, and vessels tend to be normalized [2].These observations demonstrated the LY2801653 was able to disrupt c-MET kinase downstream signaling via inhibiting the c-MET kinase activity.

Reference:
[1] Yan S B et al. , LY2801653 is an orally bioavailable multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against MET, MST1R, and other oncoproteins, and displays anti-tumor activities in mouse xenograft models. Invest New Drugs. 2012, 31: 833-844.

Dramatic antitumor effects of the dual MET/RON small-molecule inhibitor LY2801653 in non-small cell lung cancer.[Pubmed:24305878]

Cancer Res. 2014 Feb 1;74(3):884-95.

Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a wide array of genetic abnormalities. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase is altered in many lung cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and clinical trials of MET inhibitors that are under way are documenting cases of acquired resistance. On the basis of the evidence that the RON tyrosine kinase receptor can also be overexpressed in NSCLC, we evaluated the potent MET/RON dual kinase inhibitor LY2801653 in this setting. LY2801653 was more efficacious than the MET/ALK/RON/ROS inhibitor crizotinib with a distinct pattern of downstream signaling effects. Using the PamGene platform, we found that inhibition of MET and RON was associated with decreased phosphorylation of CBL, PI3K, and STAT3. In classic and orthotopic mouse xenograft models of lung cancer, LY2801653 decreased tumor growth, dramatically inhibiting mitotic events and angiogenesis. Taken together, our results argued that specific targeting of the MET/RON kinases could provide robust inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor outgrowth in multiple in vitro and in vivo models of NSCLC. These findings offer a robust preclinical proof of concept for MET/RON targeting by LY2801653 as a promising small-molecule modality to treat NSCLC.

Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by LY2801653, an inhibitor of several oncokinases, including MET.[Pubmed:23989980]

Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 15;19(20):5699-710.

PURPOSE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sustained activation, overexpression, or mutation of the MET pathway is associated with a poor prognosis in a variety of tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), implicating the MET pathway as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. Previously, we reported on the development of LY2801653: a novel, orally bioavailable oncokinase inhibitor with MET as one of its targets. Here, we discuss the evaluation of LY2801653 in both preclinical in vitro and in vivo NSCLC models. Experimental Design/ RESULTS: Treatment with LY2801653 showed tumor growth inhibition in tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenograft models as a single agent (37.4%-90.0% inhibition) or when used in combination with cisplatin, gemcitabine, or erlotinib (66.5%-86.3% inhibition). Mechanistic studies showed that treatment with LY2801653 inhibited the constitutive activation of MET pathway signaling and resulted in inhibition of NCI-H441 cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion. These in vitro findings were confirmed in the H441 orthotopic model where LY2801653 treatment significantly inhibited both primary tumor growth (87.9% inhibition) and metastasis (64.5% inhibition of lymph node and 67.7% inhibition of chest wall). Tumor-bearing animals treated with LY2801653 had a significantly greater survival time (87% increase compared with the vehicle-treated mice). In the MET-independent NCI-H1299 orthotopic model, treatment with LY2801653 showed a significant inhibition of primary tumor growth but not metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results support clinical evaluation of LY2801653 in NSCLCs and suggest that differences in the MET activation of tumors may be predictive of response.

Targeting c-MET by LY2801653 for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.[Pubmed:26757360]

Mol Carcinog. 2016 Dec;55(12):2037-2050.

Palliative treatment options for human cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) are quite limited and new therapeutic strategies are of utmost need. c-MET has been shown to be deregulated in many cancers, but the role of c-MET in the carcinogenesis of CCC remains unclear. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression and also to investigate the role of c-MET and its effective inhibition for the treatment of CCC. In this study we investigated the effects of LY2801653, a small-molecule inhibitor with potent activity against MET kinase, in human CCC cell lines and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We have investigated the role of c-MET and its inhibitory effects on migration, invasion, colony formation, MET downstream targets, and CCC tumor growth. We also analyzed the role of apoptosis and senescence as well as the influence of hypoxia in this context. c-MET and p-MET were expressed in 72% and 12.5% of human CCC tissues and in TFK-1, SZ-1 cell lines. MET inhibition was achieved by blocking phosphorylation of MET with LY2801653 and subsequent down regulation of c-MET downstream targets. Treatment showed in a xenograft model potent anti-tumor activity. LY2801653 is an effective inhibitor and suppress the proliferation of CCC cells as well as the growth of xenograft tumors. Therefore, inhibition of c-MET could be a possible alternative approach for the treatment of human CCC. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

LY2801653 is an orally bioavailable multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against MET, MST1R, and other oncoproteins, and displays anti-tumor activities in mouse xenograft models.[Pubmed:23275061]

Invest New Drugs. 2013 Aug;31(4):833-44.

The HGF/MET signaling pathway regulates a wide variety of normal cellular functions that can be subverted to support neoplasia, including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, scattering and motility, invasion, and angiogenesis. MET over-expression (with or without gene amplification), aberrant autocrine or paracrine ligand production, and missense MET mutations are mechanisms that lead to activation of the MET pathway in tumors and are associated with poor prognostic outcome. We report here preclinical development of a potent, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor LY2801653 targeting MET kinase. LY2801653 is a type-II ATP competitive, slow-off inhibitor of MET tyrosine kinase with a dissociation constant (Ki) of 2 nM, a pharmacodynamic residence time (Koff) of 0.00132 min(-1) and t1/2 of 525 min. LY2801653 demonstrated in vitro effects on MET pathway-dependent cell scattering and cell proliferation; in vivo anti-tumor effects in MET amplified (MKN45), MET autocrine (U-87MG, and KP4) and MET over-expressed (H441) xenograft models; and in vivo vessel normalization effects. LY2801653 also maintained potency against 13 MET variants, each bearing a single-point mutation. In subsequent nonclinical characterization, LY2801653 was found to have potent activity against several other receptor tyrosine oncokinases including MST1R, FLT3, AXL, MERTK, TEK, ROS1, DDR1/2 and against the serine/threonine kinases MKNK1/2. The potential value of MET and other inhibited targets within a number of malignancies (such as colon, bile ducts, and lung) is discussed. LY2801653 is currently in phase 1 clinical testing in patients with advanced cancer (trial I3O-MC-JSBA, NCT01285037).

Merestinib (LY2801653) is a potent, orally bioavailable c-Met inhibitor (Ki=2 nM) with anti-tumor activities. Merestinib (LY2801653) also has potent activity against MST1R (IC50=11 nM), FLT3 (IC50=7 nM), AXL (IC50=2 nM), MERTK (IC50=10 nM), TEK (IC50=63 nM), ROS1, DDR1/2 (IC50=0.1/7 nM) and MKNK1/2 (IC50=7 nM).

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