PH-797804

PH-797804 is a novel, potent, ATP-competitive and reversible inhibitor of human p38 MAP kinase. It specifically inhibits p38α with IC50 value of 26 nM and K(i) value of 5.8 nM.

PH-797804 inhibits LPS induced TNF-α and IL-1β production in monocytes with a concentration-dependently manner. PH-797804 blocks RANKL and M-CSF induced osteoclast formation in primary rat bone marrow cells.

Orally administered PH-797804 suppresses TNF-α level in a dose-dependent manner in LPS induced Lewis rats and also in cynomolgus monkeys. Additionally, PH-797804 has been shown to inhibit chronic inflammation in arthritis models induced by mouse collagen-induced or rat streptococcal cell wall (SCW) extract.

References:
[1] Hope HR1, Anderson GD, Burnette BL, Compton RP, Devraj RV, Hirsch JL, Keith RH, Li X, Mbalaviele G, Messing DM, Saabye MJ,Schindler JF, Selness SR, Stillwell LI, Webb EG, Zhang J, Monahan JB. Anti-inflammatory properties of a novel N-phenyl pyridinone inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: preclinical-to-clinical translation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Dec;331(3):882-95.

Discovery and characterization of atropisomer PH-797804, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, as a clinical drug candidate.[Pubmed:22174080]

ChemMedChem. 2012 Feb 6;7(2):273-80.

PH-797804 ((aS)-3-{3-bromo-4-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl}-N,4- dimethylbenzamde) is a diarylpyridinone inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase derived from a racemic mixture as the more potent atropisomer (aS), first proposed by molecular modeling and subsequently confirmed by experiments. Due to steric constraints imposed by the pyridinone carbonyl group and the 6- and 6'-methyl substituents of PH-797804, rotation around the connecting bond of the pyridinone and the N-phenyl ring is restricted. Density functional theory predicts a remarkably high rotational energy barrier of >30 kcal mol(-1), corresponding to a half-life of more than one hundred years at room temperature. This gives rise to discrete conformational spaces for the N-phenylpyridinone group, and as a result, two atropic isomers that do not interconvert under ambient conditions. Molecular modeling studies predict that the two isomers should differ in their binding affinity for p38alpha kinase; whereas the atropic S (aS) isomer binds favorably, the opposite aR isomer incurs significant steric interference with p38alpha kinase. The two isomers were subsequently identified and separated by chiral chromatography. IC50 values from p38alpha kinase assays confirm that one atropisomer is >100-fold more potent than the other. It was ultimately confirmed by small-molecule X-ray diffraction that the more potent atropisomer, PH-797804, is the aS isomer of the racemic pair. Extensive pharmacological characterization supports that PH-797804 carries most activity both in vitro and in vivo, and it has a stability profile compatible with oral formulation and delivery options.

Discovery of PH-797804, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase.[Pubmed:21641211]

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Jul 1;21(13):4066-71.

The synthesis and SAR studies of a novel N-aryl pyridinone class of p38 kinase inhibitors are described. Systematic structural modifications to the HTS lead, 5, led to the identification of (-)-4a as a clinical candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the chiral synthesis and properties of (-)-4a are described.

Structural bioinformatics-based prediction of exceptional selectivity of p38 MAP kinase inhibitor PH-797804.[Pubmed:19496616]

Biochemistry. 2009 Jul 14;48(27):6402-11.

PH-797804 is a diarylpyridinone inhibitor of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase derived from a racemic mixture as the more potent atropisomer (aS), first proposed by molecular modeling and subsequently confirmed by experiments. On the basis of structural comparison with a different biaryl pyrazole template and supported by dozens of high-resolution crystal structures of p38alpha inhibitor complexes, PH-797804 is predicted to possess a high level of specificity across the broad human kinase genome. We used a structural bioinformatics approach to identify two selectivity elements encoded by the TXXXG sequence motif on the p38alpha kinase hinge: (i) Thr106 that serves as the gatekeeper to the buried hydrophobic pocket occupied by 2,4-difluorophenyl of PH-797804 and (ii) the bidentate hydrogen bonds formed by the pyridinone moiety with the kinase hinge requiring an induced 180 degrees rotation of the Met109-Gly110 peptide bond. The peptide flip occurs in p38alpha kinase due to the critical glycine residue marked by its conformational flexibility. Kinome-wide sequence mining revealed rare presentation of the selectivity motif. Corroboratively, PH-797804 exhibited exceptionally high specificity against MAP kinases and the related kinases. No cross-reactivity was observed in large panels of kinase screens (selectivity ratio of >500-fold). In cellular assays, PH-797804 demonstrated superior potency and selectivity consistent with the biochemical measurements. PH-797804 has met safety criteria in human phase I studies and is under clinical development for several inflammatory conditions. Understanding the rationale for selectivity at the molecular level helps elucidate the biological function and design of specific p38alpha kinase inhibitors.

Efficacy and safety of the oral p38 inhibitor PH-797804 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised clinical trial.[Pubmed:23539534]

Thorax. 2013 Aug;68(8):738-45.

RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease leading to progressive decline in lung function. Inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators by p38 inhibitors may be a useful treatment for chronic inflammation of the airways thought to underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PH-797804, a potent and selective p38 inhibitor, in adults with moderate to severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II/III). METHODS: This was a randomised, adaptive design, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial. Patients were initially randomised to placebo, 0.5, 3, 6 or 10 mg PH-797804 once daily and treated for 6 weeks following a 2-week run-in. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary endpoint was change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) compared with placebo after 6 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included other spirometric parameters, transition dyspnoea index, rescue mediation use, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and symptoms. A total of 230 patients were assigned to treatment; placebo (n=45), 0.5 mg (n=20), 3 mg (n=47), 6 mg (n=70) and 10 mg (n=48). PH-797804 showed a statistically significant improvement in trough FEV1 at week 6 compared with placebo of 0.086 litre (95% Bayesian CI 0.008 to 0.164) and 0.093 litre (95% CI 0.018 to 0.166) at 3 and 6 mg PH-797804, respectively. PH-797804 3 mg and 6 mg showed an improvement in the baseline dyspnoea index/transition dyspnoea index total focal score at week 6. PH-797804 was well tolerated at all doses studied. CONCLUSIONS: PH-797804 demonstrated improvements over placebo in lung function parameters and dyspnoea in patients with moderate to severe COPD. TRIALREGNO: NCT00559910.

PH-797804 is a ATP-competitive, selective p38α/p38β inhibitor (IC50=26 nM and Ki=5.8 nM for p38α; Ki=40 nM for p38β) and does not inhibit JNK2.

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