PIK-93

PIK-93 is a potent and novel inhibitor of p110γ (PI3Kγ) and PI4KIIIβ (IC50= 16 nM and 19 nM, respectively).

PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase) is a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer. It plays a key role in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Inhibition of PI3K via PIK-93 reduced the carbachol-activated translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and carbachol-activated net Ca(2+) entry into T6.11 cells. [1] PIK-93 also selectively inhibited the PI4KIIIβ enzyme, and siRNA-mediated down regulation of individual PI4-enzymes in COS-7 cells. [2] Furthermore, as a potent anti-PV compound, PIK93 targeted PI4Kβ to inhibit interaction of viral 3D polymerase and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate on the reorganized membrane vesicle for viral replication complex formation. [3] PIK93 also showed anti-PV with an EC50 of 0.14 μM for PV pseudovirus infection. [4]

References:
[1] Monet M, Francoeur N, Boulay G.  Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PTEN protein in mechanism of activation of TRPC6 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.  J Biol Chem. 2012 May 18;287(21):17672-81.
[2] Tóth B, Balla A, Ma H et al.  Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIbeta regulates the transport of ceramide between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 24;281(47):36369-77.
[3] Hsu, N.  Y., et al. 2010. Viral reorganization of the secretory pathway generates distinct organelles for RNA replication.  Cell 141:799-811.
[4] Arita M, Kojima H, Nagano T et al.  Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta is a target of enviroxime-like compounds for antipoliovirus activity. J Virol. 2011 Mar;85(5):2364-72.

Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PTEN protein in mechanism of activation of TRPC6 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.[Pubmed:22493444]

J Biol Chem. 2012 May 18;287(21):17672-81.

TRPC6 is a cation channel in the plasma membrane that plays a role in Ca(2+) entry after the stimulation of a G(q)-protein-coupled or tyrosine-kinase receptor. TRPC6 translocates to the plasma membrane upon stimulation and remains there as long as the stimulus is present. However, the mechanism that regulates the trafficking and activation of TRPC6 are unclear. In this study we showed phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its antagonistic phosphatase, PTEN, are involved in the activation of TRPC6. The inhibition of PI3K by PIK-93, LY294002, or wortmannin decreased carbachol-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and carbachol-induced net Ca(2+) entry into T6.11 cells. Conversely, a reduction of PTEN expression did not affect carbachol-induced externalization of TRPC6 but increased Ca(2+) entry through TRPC6 in T6.11 cells. We also showed that the PI3K/PTEN pathway regulates vasopressin-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) entry into A7r5 cells, which endogenously express TRPC6. In summary, we provided evidence that the PI3K/PTEN pathway plays an important role in the translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and may thus have a significant impact on Ca(2+) signaling in cells that endogenously express TRPC6.

Mitigating Motor Neuronal Loss in C. elegans Model of ALS8.[Pubmed:28912432]

Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 14;7(1):11582.

ALS8 is a late-onset familial autosomal dominant form of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) caused by a point mutation (P56S) in the VAPB gene (VAMP associated protein isoform B). Here, we generated two C. elegans models of the disease: a transgenic model where human VAPB wild-type (WT) or P56S mutant was expressed in a subset of motor neurons, and a second model that targeted inducible knockdown of the worm's orthologue, vpr-1. Overexpression of human VAPB in DA neurons caused a backward locomotion defect, axonal misguidance, and premature neuronal death. Knockdown of vpr-1 recapitulated the reduction in VAPB expression associated with sporadic cases of human ALS. It also caused backward locomotion defects as well as an uncoordinated phenotype, and age-dependent, progressive motor neuronal death. Furthermore, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-4 (PtdIns 4)-kinase activity with PIK-93 reduced the incidence of DA motor neuron loss and improved backward locomotion. This supports the loss of VAPB function in ALS8 pathogenesis and suggests that reducing intracellular PtdIns4P might be an effective therapeutic strategy in delaying progressive loss of motor neurons.

PIK-93 is the first potent, synthetic PI4K (PI4KIIIβ) inhibitor with IC50 of 19 nM, and also inhibits PI3Kγ and PI3Kα with IC50 of 16 nM and 39 nM, respectively.

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