Wilforine

The vines of Tripterygium wilfordii

Wilforine is a sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid; important bioactive compound in T. wilfordii plants, and is effective in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

References:
[1]. Zhu C, et al. Establishment of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Hairy root culture and optimization of its culture conditions for the production of triptolide and wilforine. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Jun 28;24(6):823-34. [2]. Miao GP, et al. Elicitation and in situ adsorption enhanced secondary metabolites production of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. adventitious root fragment liquid cultures in shake flask and a modified bubble column bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2014

Application of a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for determination of wilforine from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in rat plasma for a bioavailability study.[Pubmed:25425175]

Biomed Chromatogr. 2015 Jul;29(7):1042-7.

A highly selective and specific LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of Wilforine in rat plasma. The analyte was separated from plasma matrix by using methyl tertiary butyl ether liquid-liquid extraction with bulleyacinitine A as internal standard (IS). The analysis was carried out on a Sepax GP-Phenyl column using a mixture of methanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (75:25, v/v) as the mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection was operated using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple selected reaction monitoring with the parent-to-product quantifier transitions [M + H](+) m/z 867.6 -->206.0 for Wilforine and 664.1 -->584.1 for IS. The main advantage of this method was the high sensitivity (a lower limit of quantification of 0.02 ng/mL) and the small amount of sample (0.1 mL plasma per sample). The method was fully validated to be accurate and precise with a linear range of 0.02-100 ng/mL, and successfully applied to a bioavailability study of Wilforine in rats after intravenous and oral administration. The oral absolute bioavailability of Wilforine in rats was estimated to be 84%.

Establishment of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Hairy root culture and optimization of its culture conditions for the production of triptolide and wilforine.[Pubmed:24651642]

J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Jun 28;24(6):823-34.

In order to solve the shortage of natural Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. plant resource for the production of the important secondary metabolites triptolide and Wilforine, hairy roots were induced from its root calli by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Induced hairy roots not only could be maintained and grown well in hormone-free half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium but also could produce sufficient amounts of both triptolide and Wilforine. Although hairy roots produced approximately 15% less triptolide than adventitious roots and 10% less Wilforine than naturally grown roots, they could grow fast and could be a suitable system for producing both secondary metabolites compared with other tissues. Addition of 50 micrometer methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could slightly affect hairy root growth, but dramatically stimulated the production of both triptolide and Wilforine, whereas 50 micrometer salicylic acid had no apparent effect on hairy root growth with slightly stimulatory effects on the production of both secondary metabolites. Addition of precursor nicotinic acid, isoleucine, or aspartic acid at the concentration of 500 micrometer had varying effects on hairy root growth, but none of them had stimulatory effects on triptolide production, and only the former two had slightly beneficial effects on Wilforine production. The majority of triptolide produced was secreted into the medium, whereas most of the produced Wilforine was retained inside of hairy roots. Our studies provide a promising way to produce triptolide and Wilforine in T. wilfordii hairy root cultures combined with MeJA treatment.

Wilforine is a sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid; important bioactive compound in T. wilfordii plants, and is effective in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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