Diethanolamine

Diethanolamine-modified magnetic fluorescent Fe3O4@ZnS nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection and removal of Cu2+.[Pubmed:24758043]

J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014 Jul;14(7):5426-9.

Currently, growing attention has been paid to the sensitive determination and removal of Cu2+ because excessive levels of Cu2+ could do harm to organisms. Herein, a novel Diethanolamine-modified magnetic fluorescent Fe3O4@ZnS nanoparticle (MFNP) for simultaneous detection and removal of Cu2+ was designed and synthesized through dithiocarbamate linkage strategy. The characterization of MFNP was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared (IR) and emission spectra. The results showed that MFNP could quantificationally detect Cu2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity under a broad pH range (pH 4.5-9). The removal of Cu2+ was achieved by the aggregation-induced sedimentation (AIS) strategy and by external magnetic field.

Improving the immunostimulatory potency of diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics.[Pubmed:23490149]

Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Apr 15;21(8):2199-2209.

Lipid A is the active principal of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Given the important role TLR4 plays in innate immunity and the development of adaptive immune responses, ligands that can modulate TLR4-mediated signaling have great therapeutic potential. Recently, we have reported a series of monophosphorylated lipid A mimics as potential ligands of TLR4, in which a Diethanolamine moiety is employed to replace the reducing end (d-glucosamine). In this paper, we describe the synthesis of two further Diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics, 3 and 4, in an effort to mimic more closely the di-phosphate nature of natural lipid A. Both mimic 3, with an additional phosphate on the Diethanolamine acyclic scaffold, and mimic 4, with a terminal carboxylic acid moiety as a phosphate bioisostere, serve to increase the potency of the immunostimulatory response induced, as measured by the induction of the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. In addition, mechanistic studies involving the known TLR4 antagonist lipid IVa confirm TLR4 as the target of the Diethanolamine-containing lipid A mimics.

Molecular effects of diethanolamine exposure on Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda).[Pubmed:20537412]

Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Aug 15;99(2):212-22.

Alkanolamines are surface-active chemicals used in a wide range of industrial, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications and products. Of particular interest is the use of alkanolamines such as Diethanolamine (DEA) in the removal of CO(2) from natural gas and for CO(2) capture following fossil fuel combustion. Despite this widespread use, relatively little is known about the ecotoxicological impacts of these compounds. In an attempt to assess the potential effects of alkanolamines in the marine environment, a key species in the North Atlantic, the planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, was studied for molecular effects following sublethal exposure to DEA. DEA-induced alterations in transcriptome and metabolome profiling were assessed using a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) gene library method and high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR), respectively. Effects were observed on transcription of genes reportedly involved in lipid metabolism, antioxidant systems, metal binding, and amino acid and protein catabolism. These effects were accompanied by altered expression of fatty acid derivates, amino acids (threonine, methionine, glutamine, arginine, alanine and leucine) and cholines (choline, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine). Together, SSH and HR-MAS NMR offer complementary screening tools for the assessment of molecular responses of C. finmarchicus to DEA and can be used in the study of other chemicals and organisms. Concentration-response and time-response relationships between DEA exposure and single gene transcription were investigated using quantitative PCR. Specific relationships were found between DEA exposure and the transcription of genes involved in protein catabolism (ubiquitin-specific protease-7), metal ion homeostasis (ferritin) and defence against oxidative stress (gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, glutathione synthase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase). At the lowest alkanolamine concentration used in these experiments, which corresponded to 0.5% of the LC(50) concentration, no transcriptional effects were observed, giving information regarding the lower molecular effect level. Finally, similar transcription patterns were observed for a number of different genes following exposure to DEA, which indicates analogous mechanisms of toxicity and response.