Hot Natural Products & Bioactive Compounds

1. Sodium aescinate has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, may effectively control and improve wound healing in diabetic rats.
2. Sodium aescinate can protect the lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which may be mediated by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, upregulating Bcl-2 gene protein expression, improving the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax to inhibit lung apoptosis.
3. Sodium aescinate has obvious antiangiogenic effect, the initiation of angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cell are inhibited and the secretion of VEGF is also decreased.
4. Sodium aescinate has immunity enhancing and antioxidative effects, sodium aescinate injection liquid can decrease oxidative injury and enhance immunity functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mice.
5. Sodium aescinate can protect against liver injury induced by methyl parathion and that the mechanism of action is related to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Xylitol, a commonly used sweetener, it can inhibit the growth of pneumococci, it is effective in preventing otitis media and decreasing the need for antimicrobials when xylitol sugar given in a syrup or chewing gum. Xylitol is also a widely used anti-caries agent that has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, it inhibits salivary lysozyme activity.

Yohimbine hydrochloride is an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, blocking the pre- and postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenoreceptors and causing an increased release of noradrenaline and dopamine.It is an antagonist to xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of white-tailed deer. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.

Nicotine is a potent inhibitor of cardiac A-type K+ channels, with blockade probably due to block of closed and open channels, this action may contribute to the ability of nicotine to affect cardiac electrophysiology and induce arrhythmias.Nicotine is able to activate mitogenic signalling pathways, which promote cell growth or survival as well as increase chemoresistance of cancer cells, nicotine activates its downstream signalling to interfere with the ubiquitination process and prevent Bcl-2 from being degraded in lung cancer cells, resulting in the increase of chemoresistance.

Cytisine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, has been widely used for central nervous system (CNS) diseases treatment. It is a partial agonist at alpha4/beta2 nAChRs, and a full agonist at alpha3/beta4 and alpha7 nAChRs, has antidepressant-like properties in several rodent models of antidepressant efficacy.

Colchicine is a tubulin inhibitor, and a microtubule polymerization inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. It prevents amyloidosis in our high-risk population and that it can prevent additional deterioration of renal function in patients with amyloidosis who have proteinuria but not the nephrotic syndrome. Colchicine has anti-mitotic activity, it can be used to treat familial mediterranean fever, and as a lead compound for the generation of potent anti-cancer drugs.

Diosgenin possesses antivascular calcification , anti-osteoclastogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, it has favorable effects in the improvement of diabetes and regulation of lipid metabolism. Diosgenin treated inflammation-related disorders through the blockade of cAMP, PKA, cPLA2, PAK, Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways. Diosgenin may decrease the risk of developing dementia of opiate abusers with HIV infection and the ApoE4 allele.

Dioscin has anti-obesity, antineoplastic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, uricosuric and nephroprotective actions, it can potentially contribute to treatments for inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis. Dioscin clearly protected PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons against OGD/R insult and significantly prevented cerebral I/R injury. It inhibited AMPK/MAPK pathway and regulated VEGFR2 and AKT/MAPK signaling pathways.