Adenine

CAS# 73-24-5

Adenine

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Quality Control of Adenine

Number of papers citing our products

Chemical structure

Adenine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Adenine

Cas No. 73-24-5 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 190 Appearance Powder
Formula C5H5N5 M.Wt 135.13
Type of Compound Alkaloids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 20 mg/mL (148.01 mM; Need ultrasonic)
1M HCl : 20 mg/mL (148.01 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name 7H-purin-6-amine
SMILES C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC=N2)N
Standard InChIKey GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Adenine

The seeds of Plantago depressa Wild.

Biological Activity of Adenine

DescriptionAdenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry. Adenine, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, can accelerate the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation; it also can increase the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus. Adenine can act as an efficient radiation-protecting agent at low concentration (2 micromol) and also inhibit cytostatic properties with regard to cancer cells at higher concentration.
TargetsAMPK | PPAR
In vitro

Potentiation by levamisole, methisoprinol, and adenine or adenosine of the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus.[Pubmed: 2428301 ]

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Jul;30(1):192-5.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
The antiviral action of different human interferons against encephalomyocarditis virus in HeLa cell cultures was analyzed. Cell treatment with levamisole (200 micrograms/ml), methisoprinol (1 mg/ml), or Adenine or adenosine (33 or 100 micrograms/ml, respectively) potentiated the anti-encephalomyocarditis virus activity of human interferon by 8- to 32-fold.
CONCLUSIONS:
A higher level of potentiation (256-fold) was achieved either by combined treatments with levamisole plus methisoprinol or by treatment with one of these compounds plus Adenine or adenosine.

Radiation-induced effect of adenine (vitamin B4) on mitomycin C activity. In vitro experiments.[Pubmed: 16886627]

Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4B):3005-10.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
The radiation-induced biological behavior of Adenine (vitamin B4) was investigated in vitro under various conditions, implementing breast cancer cells (MCF-7 line) as a model. In aerated media (46% OH and 54% O2*-) at pH=7.4, Adenine at low concentration (2 micromol) acted as an efficient radiation-protecting agent. At higher concentration, however, it inhibited cytostatic properties with regard to cancer cells. This double-track activity is based on its chemical structure. Similar features of Adenine were also observed in air-free (46% OH, 44% e- aq, 10% H) as well as in media saturated with N2O (90% OH, 10% H), but with different efficiencies. In the presence of mitomycin C (MMC), Adenine retained its double-track behavior.
CONCLUSIONS:
Hence, Adenine and MMC compete for the e- aq, but the electronically excited Adenine molecules can transfer electrons to MMC, leading to the additional formation of active MMC-. By implementation of formate for the conversion of OH and H into the transient *COO-, which subsequently transfers electron to MMC, a highest efficiency of MMC- was obtained.

In vivo

Adenine accelerated the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation.[Pubmed: 29162431 ]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 21;818:569-577.

Wound healing is one of the major complications of diabetes, and problems with wound healing in diabetics often lead to amputation and even death. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a protein involved in intracellular metabolism. Activated AMPK can reduce visceral fat and cholesterol synthesis and even inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. Activation of AMPK has been widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We applied an AMPK activator (Adenine) to human fibroblasts and to the wounds of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We applied Adenine ointment to the wounds on 7 consecutive days and observed the healing status as well as activation of AMPK and angiogenic factors. Based on the appearance of the wounds, the results showed that after 7 days of treatment the wound area was smaller in the Adenine-treated group relative to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARδ were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group. Our studies indicate that Adenine has the potential to become a useful drug in the treatment of diabetic wound healing.

Protocol of Adenine

Kinase Assay

Role of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in mtDNA maintenance.[Pubmed: 10926541]

Science, 2000, 289(5480):782-5.

Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a rare human disease that shows a Mendelian inheritance pattern, but is characterized by large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We have identified two heterozygous missense mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the heart/skeletal muscle isoform of the Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in five families and one sporadic patient. The familial mutation substitutes a proline for a highly conserved alanine at position 114 in the ANT1 protein. The analogous mutation in yeast caused a respiratory defect.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that ANT has a role in mtDNA maintenance and that a mitochondrial disease can be caused by a dominant mechanism.

Adenine Dilution Calculator

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Adenine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Adenine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 7.4003 mL 37.0014 mL 74.0028 mL 148.0056 mL 185.007 mL
5 mM 1.4801 mL 7.4003 mL 14.8006 mL 29.6011 mL 37.0014 mL
10 mM 0.74 mL 3.7001 mL 7.4003 mL 14.8006 mL 18.5007 mL
50 mM 0.148 mL 0.74 mL 1.4801 mL 2.9601 mL 3.7001 mL
100 mM 0.074 mL 0.37 mL 0.74 mL 1.4801 mL 1.8501 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Calcutta University

University of Minnesota

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University of Illinois at Chicago

The Ohio State University

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Worcester Polytechnic Institute

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The Institute of Cancer Research

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Background on Adenine

Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry.

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References on Adenine

Role of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 in mtDNA maintenance.[Pubmed:10926541]

Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):782-5.

Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a rare human disease that shows a Mendelian inheritance pattern, but is characterized by large-scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. We have identified two heterozygous missense mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the heart/skeletal muscle isoform of the Adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in five families and one sporadic patient. The familial mutation substitutes a proline for a highly conserved alanine at position 114 in the ANT1 protein. The analogous mutation in yeast caused a respiratory defect. These results indicate that ANT has a role in mtDNA maintenance and that a mitochondrial disease can be caused by a dominant mechanism.

Potentiation by levamisole, methisoprinol, and adenine or adenosine of the inhibitory activity of human interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus.[Pubmed:2428301]

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Jul;30(1):192-5.

The antiviral action of different human interferons against encephalomyocarditis virus in HeLa cell cultures was analyzed. Cell treatment with levamisole (200 micrograms/ml), methisoprinol (1 mg/ml), or Adenine or adenosine (33 or 100 micrograms/ml, respectively) potentiated the anti-encephalomyocarditis virus activity of human interferon by 8- to 32-fold. A higher level of potentiation (256-fold) was achieved either by combined treatments with levamisole plus methisoprinol or by treatment with one of these compounds plus Adenine or adenosine.

Adenine accelerated the diabetic wound healing by PPAR delta and angiogenic regulation.[Pubmed:29162431]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 5;818:569-577.

Wound healing is one of the major complications of diabetes, and problems with wound healing in diabetics often lead to amputation and even death. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a protein involved in intracellular metabolism. Activated AMPK can reduce visceral fat and cholesterol synthesis and even inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. Activation of AMPK has been widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes. We applied an AMPK activator (Adenine) to human fibroblasts and to the wounds of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We applied Adenine ointment to the wounds on 7 consecutive days and observed the healing status as well as activation of AMPK and angiogenic factors. Based on the appearance of the wounds, the results showed that after 7 days of treatment the wound area was smaller in the Adenine-treated group relative to the control group. The results for tissue protein expression showed that, compared to the control group, angiogenic related protein, PPARdelta were increased and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) was decreased in the Adenine-treated group. Our studies indicate that Adenine has the potential to become a useful drug in the treatment of diabetic wound healing.

Radiation-induced effect of adenine (vitamin B4) on mitomycin C activity. In vitro experiments.[Pubmed:16886627]

Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4B):3005-10.

The radiation-induced biological behavior of Adenine (vitamin B4) was investigated in vitro under various conditions, implementing breast cancer cells (MCF-7 line) as a model. In aerated media (46% OH and 54% O2*-) at pH=7.4, Adenine at low concentration (2 micromol) acted as an efficient radiation-protecting agent. At higher concentration, however, it inhibited cytostatic properties with regard to cancer cells. This double-track activity is based on its chemical structure. Similar features of Adenine were also observed in air-free (46% OH, 44% e- aq, 10% H) as well as in media saturated with N2O (90% OH, 10% H), but with different efficiencies. In the presence of mitomycin C (MMC), Adenine retained its double-track behavior. Hence, Adenine and MMC compete for the e- aq, but the electronically excited Adenine molecules can transfer electrons to MMC, leading to the additional formation of active MMC-. By implementation of formate for the conversion of OH and H into the transient *COO-, which subsequently transfers electron to MMC, a highest efficiency of MMC- was obtained.

Description

Adenine is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry.

Keywords:

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