BTCP maleate

Inhibition of locus coeruleus neurons by the phencyclidine analog, N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine: evidence for potent indirect adrenoceptor agonist properties.[Pubmed:1397045]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Aug 14;219(1):169-72.

The effects of the phencyclidine derivative, N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP), on the electrical activity of noradrenaline (NA) neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) were studied in halothane-anesthetized rats. Systemic administration of BTCP potently inhibited LC neurons (ID50 of 1.1 +/- 0.1 mg/kg i.v.). This effect was mimicked by local microejection of BTCP into the LC. Both the systemic and local effects of BTCP were blocked by alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists and prevented by prior depletion of catecholamines with reserpine. These and other data suggest that BTCP behaves as a potent indirect NA agonist (i.e. via NA re-uptake and/or release systems).

The phencyclidine (PCP) analog N-[1-(2-benzo(B)thiophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine shares cocaine-like but not other characteristic behavioral effects with PCP, ketamine and MK-801.[Pubmed:2674416]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Sep;250(3):1019-27.

Phencyclidine (PCP) inhibits dopamine (DA) uptake and acts as a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist by binding to PCP receptors. The PCP analog N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP, GK13) is a potent DA uptake inhibitor, but has low affinity for PCP receptors. The behavioral effects of BTCP were compared with those of PCP, ketamine, MK-801 and cocaine. In mice, BTCP, like cocaine, produced locomotion, sniffing and gnawing; haloperidol blocked these effects. PCP, ketamine and MK-801 produced locomotion, sniffing, swaying and falling. PCP, ketamine and MK-801 produced generalization in rats discriminating either cocaine, PCP or MK-801 from saline. Like cocaine, BTCP produced generalization in cocaine-discriminating rats only; haloperidol partially antagonized this effect. In pigeons, PCP-like catalepsy was produced by ketamine and MK-801, but not by BTCP. N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced convulsions in mice were antagonized by PCP, ketamine and MK-801, but not by BTCP or cocaine. Thus, BTCP shared only cocaine-like behavioral effects with PCP, ketamine and MK-801. A DA antagonist reduced the effects of BTCP. Therefore, the cocaine-like behavioral effects of BTCP may be mediated primarily by DA uptake mechanisms. However, PCP receptors, but not DA uptake mechanisms, may mediate the cocaine-like behavioral effects of PCP, ketamine and MK-801, because their order of potency in producing these effects (MK-801 greater than PCP greater than ketamine) is consistent with their potency order at PCP receptors, but not at DA uptake sites.

[3H]N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]BTCP): a new phencyclidine analog selective for the dopamine uptake complex.[Pubmed:3384005]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 Apr 13;148(3):427-36.

A benzothiophenyl group instead of a phenyl ring on phencyclidine (PCP) yields a molecule N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP), which is one of the more potent known dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors (IC50 = 7 nM). This compound also has low affinity for the PCP receptor (K0.5 = 6 microM). The sodium-dependent [3H]BTCP binding to rat striatal membranes was investigated. [3H]BTCP bound to two different sites: one with very high affinity (Kd1 = 0.9 nM, Bmax1 = 3.5 pmol/mg protein) which paralleled the distribution of dopaminergic nerve endings and a second with lower affinity (Kd2 = 20 nM, Bmax2 = 7.5 pmol/mg protein). There was a good correlation between the abilities of drugs specific for the DA uptake complex and of PCP analogs to inhibit high affinity [3H]BTCP binding and [3H]DA synaptosomal uptake. This study also demonstrated that PCP interacts with the DA uptake site since it is a competitive inhibitor of high affinity [3H]BTCP binding. This site, however, is not the PCP receptor, which has a different pharmacological selectivity.