Aloe-emodin-glucoside

Barbaloin pretreatment attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of AMPK.[Pubmed:28673785]

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Sep 2;490(4):1215-1220.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a major cause of cardiac dysfunction during cardiovascular surgery and heart transplantation and characterized by hyperactive oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Barbaloin (BAR) is the main medicinal composition of the Chinese traditional medicine aloe vera. BAR has strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the effect of BAR on MI/R-induced myocardial injury is not explored. This study aims to investigate whether BAR provides cardio-protection against MI/R injury and the underlying mechanisms. BAR (20 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was intragastrically administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 5 days before MI/R operation. BAR pretreatment conferred cardio-protective effects against MI/R injury by improving hemodynamic function and limiting infarction size. Moreover, BAR pretreatment effectively inhibited I/R-induced myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Furthermore, BAR pretreatment activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in MI/R hearts. AMPK inhibitor compound C inhibited BAR-induced AMPK activation, and blunted BAR-mediated anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory effects and cardio-protection. Taken together our study has identified a novel function of BAR and provided a molecular basis for BAR potential applications in the treatment of MI/R injury and other ischemic disorders.

Barbaloin loaded polydopamine-polylactide-TPGS (PLA-TPGS) nanoparticles against gastric cancer as a targeted drug delivery system: Studies in vitro and in vivo.[Pubmed:29534962]

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Apr 30;499(1):8-16.

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Although a decrease in its incidence is observed, gastric cancer still poses a major clinical challenge due to poor prognosis and limited treatments. Barbaloin (BBL) is a main medicinal composition of the Chinese traditional medicine aloe vera. BBL has various bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Polydopamine (pD)-based surface modification is easy to functionalize polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) surfaces with ligands and/or additional polymeric layers. In the present study, BBL-loaded formulations was developed with pD-modified NPs, which was synthesized by polylactide-TPGS (PLA-TPGS) (pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs). And galactosamine (Gal) was conjugated on the prepared NPs (Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs) for targeting the gastric cancer cells. Here, we found that BBL-loaded Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs showed the highest cellular uptake efficacy in gastric cancer cells. Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs more significantly reduced the gastric cancer cell viability. Further, greater apoptosis, autophagy and ROS generation was induced by Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, compared to the other two NPs, Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs most markedly decreased ATP levels in gastric cancer cells. In vivo, Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs were specifically targeted to tumor site. Moreover, Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs exhibited the most anti-tumor effects, as evidenced by the lowest tumor volume and tumor weight. Of note, there was no significant difference was observed in body and liver weight, as well as the histological changes in major organs isolated from each group of mice. Together, the findings indicated that BBL-loaded Gal-pD-PLA-TPGS/NPs could be targeted to gastric cancer cells to suppress tumor progression without toxicity.

Barbaloin inhibits ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits by modulating voltage-gated ion channels.[Pubmed:29072259]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 Mar;39(3):357-370.

Barbaloin (10-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone) is extracted from the aloe plant and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and other biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of barbaloin on cardiac electrophysiology, which has not been reported thus far. Cardiac action potentials (APs) and ionic currents were recorded in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Additionally, the antiarrhythmic effect of barbaloin was examined in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. In current-clamp recording, application of barbaloin (100 and 200 mumol/L) dose-dependently reduced the action potential duration (APD) and the maximum depolarization velocity (Vmax), and attenuated APD reverse-rate dependence (RRD) in ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, barbaloin (100 and 200 mumol/L) effectively eliminated ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and Ca(2+)-induced delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in ventricular myocytes. In voltage-clamp recording, barbaloin (10-200 mumol/L) dose-dependently inhibited L-type calcium current (ICa.L) and peak sodium current (INa.P) with IC50 values of 137.06 and 559.80 mumol/L, respectively. Application of barbaloin (100, 200 mumol/L) decreased ATX II-enhanced late sodium current (INa.L) by 36.6%+/-3.3% and 71.8%+/-6.5%, respectively. However, barbaloin up to 800 mumol/L did not affect the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) or the rapidly activated delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) in ventricular myocytes. In Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, barbaloin (200 mumol/L) significantly inhibited aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmias. These results demonstrate that barbaloin has potential as an antiarrhythmic drug.

Anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effect of barbaloin in non-small cell lung cancer via inactivating p38MAPK/Cdc25B/Hsp27 pathway.[Pubmed:28656293]

Oncol Rep. 2017 Aug;38(2):1172-1180.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. The traditional treatment for NSCLC is particularly liable to relapse with many side-effects. Barbaloin is a natural compound with anticancer efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of barbaloin in NSCLC. The results displayed that barbaloin inhibited the viability of A549 cells by decreasing cell growth and the expression level of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), especially at high concentrations (50 and 100 microM). Besides, barbaloin increased the apoptosis rate of A549 cells and induced an accumulation of G2/M phase. Increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, -8 and -9) and the changed levels of cell cycle checkpoint proteins (p27, p53 and cyclin A) further convinced of the anti-viability effect of barbaloin in A549 cells. On the other hand, barbaloin significantly suppressed the invasion and migration of A549 cells, and restrained the expression of tumor metastasis-related proteins. We further explored the activation of pro-survival or pro-metastasis signaling pathways, including AKT, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), mitogen-actived protein kinase (MAPK) and beta-catenin. The results revealed that barbaloin inactivated the p38MAPK/Cdc25B/Hsp27 pathway by inhibiting p38 nucleus translocation, while no significant influence was observed among other pathways. Finally, barbaloin restrained the growth and hepatic metastases of A549 cells in vivo. Taken together, our research indicated that barbaloin inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro. This may provide safer and more effective aspects for the treatment of NSCLC.

Barbaloin: a concise report of its pharmacological and analytical aspects.[Pubmed:23569857]

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Oct;2(10):835-8.

Barbaloin is C-glucoside of aloe emodin anthrone which is found in the plant name as Aloe vera is a perennial succulent (Liliaceal), also called the healing plant. Barbaloin have variety of pharmacological activity such as strong inhibitory effect on histamine release, anti-inflammatory, cathartic, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant activity and alternative for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications. The peak amount of barbaloin was reached about 3 h after oral administration. Concentration of barbaloin in Aloe vera leaves was shown to depend on the leaf part, age, and position of the leaf. Young leaves contain more barbaloin compared to old one. Various researches have been done on barbaloin but still the relationship between the barbaloin and its overall effect has not been clarified. A more specific perceptive of the pharmacological activities of barbaloin is required to develop for pharmaceutical purpose. Many attempts have been made regarding its isolation, biological activity to examine their effects, and clarify their functional mechanism. This review gives a brief idea about its uses, ethnomedicinally and commercially important analytical techniques and their pharmacological activities.