Cimaterol

Efficient synthesis of D6 -clenproperol and D6 -cimaterol using deuterium isopropylamine as labelled precursor.[Pubmed:27753133]

J Labelled Comp Radiopharm. 2016 Nov;59(13):552-556.

This report presents an efficient synthesis of D6 -clenproperol and D6 -Cimaterol with 99.5% and 99.7% isotopic abundance in acceptable yields and excellent chemical purities with deuterium isopropylamine as labelled precursor. Their structures and the isotope-abundance were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol in bovine retina by electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.[Pubmed:15084084]

J AOAC Int. 2004 Jan-Feb;87(1):31-8.

An electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the beta-agonists clenbuterol, salbutamol, and Cimaterol in bovine retina. The tissue was homogenized in alkaline buffer and spiked to give 10, 15, and 20 ng/g each of the 3 analytes together with the internal standards d6-salbutamol and d6-clenbuterol. The mixture was incubated with protease enzyme to release any protein-bound analytes and then made alkaline before extraction with isobutanol. The extract was dissolved in water and transferred to a clenbuterol immunoaffinity column. After washing, the analytes were eluted and analyzed by ESI/LC/MS/MS using a C18 column with acetic acid-methanol as mobile phase. No interferences were observed from the spiked retina extract at the various single-reaction monitoring modes. Average recoveries for clenbuterol, salbutamol, and Cimaterol were 94, 85, and 87% with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 9.4, 9.9, and 8.6%, respectively. A correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.9999 was obtained for all analytes. The limits of detection for clenbuterol, salbutamol, and Cimaterol, determined from 3 times the standard deviation of 7 replicates of the lowest spike, were 2.5, 3.5, and 2.0 ng/g with CVs of 8.9, 11.6, and 7.2%, respectively.

[Simultaneous determination of cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol in feeds by capillary zone electrophoresis].[Pubmed:16124569]

Se Pu. 2005 May;23(3):261-3.

A method for simultaneous determination of Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol in feeds was developed by capillary zone electrophoresis. The effects of the experimental conditions on the separation and determination of Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol have been examined. Under the optimum conditions, all three compounds were completely separated in 8 min. The linear range of Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol was 0.1-1.0 mg/L, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.02, 0.03 and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The developed method has been used for the determination of spiked feed samples. The recoveries of Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol were 89%-103%, 86%-91% and 83%-87%, respectively. The relative standard deviations for Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol were 3.8%-4.3%, 3.6%-5.0% and 4.0%-5.6%, respectively. The proposed method is a sensitive, fast and simple method for the determination of Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol in feeds.

Field-amplified on-line sample stacking for separation and determination of cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol using capillary electrophoresis.[Pubmed:16828108]

J Chromatogr A. 2006 Aug 25;1125(1):124-8.

A capillary electrophoresis method, using field-amplified sample injection (FASI), was developed for separation and determination of some beta 2-agonists, such as Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol. The optimum conditions for this system had been investigated in detail. The precision of the migration time, peak height and accuracy were determined in both intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 15) assays. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits (defined as S/N = 3) of this method were found to be lower than 2.0 ng/mL for all of these three beta 2-agonists, which were much lower than that of the conventional electro-migration injection method, the enhancement factors were greatly improved to be 30-40-fold. Such lower detection limit lets this method to be suitable for determination of above-mentioned beta 2-agonists in the urine sample. The mean recoveries in urine were higher than 96.2%, 95.6% and 95.3% for Cimaterol, clenbuterol and salbutamol, respectively, with relative standard deviations lower than 3.5%.

Function and regulation of the beta 3-adrenoceptor.[Pubmed:8979772]

Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1996 Oct;17(10):373-81.

The cloning, sequencing and expression in model systems of the previously unidentified beta 3-adrenoceptor recently led to an extensive functional characterization. Ligand binding and adenylate cyclase activation studies helped define a specific profile that is quite distinct from that of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, but strongly reminiscent of most of the 'atypical' beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses reported in earlier pharmacological studies. More recently, a naturally occurring variation in the human beta 3-adrenoceptor has been correlated with hereditary obesity and with increased dynamic capacity to add on weight and develop non-insulin dependent diabetes in Western obese patients. Donny Strosberg and France Pietri-Rouxel describe how results now provide a consistent picture of an important role for the human beta 3-adrenoceptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism and as an obvious target for drugs to treat some forms of obesity and diabetes.

Structure-activity relationships in further series of amino-halogen substituted phenyl-aminoethanols.[Pubmed:6152155]

Arzneimittelforschung. 1984;34(11A):1625-32.

Series of 1-(4-amino-phenyl)-2-aminoethanol derivatives having different substituents in the phenyl nucleus were compared with 1-(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-phenyl)-2-tert.-butylamino-ethanol (clenbuterol) with regard to their action on the adrenergic beta-receptors of guinea pigs, cats and rats. The exchange of the two chlorine atoms of clenbuterol led to substances with a potent beta 2-mimetic activity, surpassing that of clenbuterol, in the bronchial muscles and/or to a beta 1-blocking action in the heart with a relatively low beta 1-intrinsic activity. The strongest action was found with the chloro-cyano, fluoro-cyano and mono-cyano substituted compounds. The chloro-fluoro, bromo-fluoro, mono-fluoro and chloro-trifluoromethyl substituted compounds showed a good oral absorption, comparable to that of clenbuterol. Because of a particularly low beta 1-intrinsic activity in the heart with a long-lasting beta 2-mimetic action on the bronchial muscles also after oral administration, the 1-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-tert.-butylamino-ethanol hydrochloride (mabuterol) must come of all the structures investigated particularly into consideration as broncholytic agent for therapeutic use.