Didanosine

CAS# 69655-05-6

Didanosine

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Chemical structure

Didanosine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Didanosine

Cas No. 69655-05-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 50599 Appearance Powder
Formula C10H12N4O3 M.Wt 236.23
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms 2',3' Dideoxyinosine;NSC 612049;NSC-612049;NSC612049
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (423.32 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name 9-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one
SMILES C1CC(OC1CO)N2C=NC3=C2NC=NC3=O
Standard InChIKey BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C10H12N4O3/c15-3-6-1-2-7(17-6)14-5-13-8-9(14)11-4-12-10(8)16/h4-7,15H,1-3H2,(H,11,12,16)/t6-,7+/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Didanosine

DescriptionDidanosine(Videx) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.49 μM. Target: NRTIs; HIV Didanosine is a dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Didanosine demonstrated linear pharmacokinetic behavior over the dose ranges of 0.4 to 16.5 mg/kg intravenously and 0.8 to 10.2 mg/kg orally. Bioavailability of didanosine when administered as a solution with an antacid was approximately 43% for doses from 0.8 to 10.2 mg/kg in patients with AIDS and advanced AIDS-related complex. Bioavailability of didanosine from the citrate-phosphate-buffered solution, the formulation currently used in phase II and expanded access studies, was comparable to the formulation used in the phase I trials [1]. ddI might be responsible for fulminant hepatitis in all three AIDS patients. This toxic effect may be added to the list of potential adverse events occurring during ddI therapy [2].

References:
[1]. Knupp, C.A., et al., Pharmacokinetics of didanosine in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1991. 49(5): p. 523-35. [2]. Bissuel, F., et al., Fulminant hepatitis with severe lactate acidosis in HIV-infected patients on didanosine therapy. J Intern Med, 1994. 235(4): p. 367-71.

Didanosine Dilution Calculator

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Didanosine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Didanosine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 4.2332 mL 21.1658 mL 42.3316 mL 84.6633 mL 105.8291 mL
5 mM 0.8466 mL 4.2332 mL 8.4663 mL 16.9327 mL 21.1658 mL
10 mM 0.4233 mL 2.1166 mL 4.2332 mL 8.4663 mL 10.5829 mL
50 mM 0.0847 mL 0.4233 mL 0.8466 mL 1.6933 mL 2.1166 mL
100 mM 0.0423 mL 0.2117 mL 0.4233 mL 0.8466 mL 1.0583 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Didanosine

Didanosine is sold under the trade names Videx and Videx EC.

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References on Didanosine

DIDANOSINE RETINAL TOXICITY.[Pubmed:28005674]

Retina. 2016 Dec;36 Suppl 1:S159-S167.

PURPOSE: To report nine new cases of retinal degeneration secondary to Didanosine toxicity and to summarize the previously reported cases in the literature. METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational case study from seven institutions. Medical records of patients who demonstrated well-demarcated severe midperipheral chorioretinal degeneration and who were previously treated with Didanosine therapy were collected and the following information was reviewed: age, gender, medical history, detailed medication history including current and previous antiretroviral use, ocular and retinal examination findings, and multimodal imaging findings with optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, wide-field fundus autofluorescence, and wide-field fluorescein angiography. When available, findings with electrophysiology testing and automated perimetry were also collected and reviewed. A literature review was also performed to collect all reported cases of chorioretinal degeneration secondary to Didanosine toxicity. RESULTS: Nine patients were identified who had findings consistent with peripheral retinal toxicity secondary to Didanosine use. Eight of the 9 patients were men, and the median age was 54 years at the time of presentation (mean: 55 years, range, 42-71 years). Snellen distance acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/32. At least three of the cases in the series demonstrated progression of the peripheral retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor atrophy despite Didanosine cessation. A review of the literature revealed 10 additional cases of Didanosine toxicity. Seven of the 10 cases were in men (70%), and the average age was 26 years with a wide range (2-54 years). Chorioretinal findings were very similar to this cohort. CONCLUSION: Herein, we report the largest series of nine cases of peripheral chorioretinal degeneration secondary to Didanosine toxicity in adults. When combined with the cases in the literature, 19 cases of Didanosine toxicity, 4 of which occurred in children, were collected and analyzed. Three of the new cases presented showed clear progression of degeneration despite Didanosine cessation. Newer nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may potentiate mitochondrial DNA damage and lead to continued chorioretinal degeneration.

Prevalence of significant liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients exposed to Didanosine: A cross sectional study.[Pubmed:28083085]

World J Hepatol. 2016 Dec 28;8(36):1623-1628.

AIM: To identify significant liver disease [including nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH)] in asymptomatic Didanosine (DDI) exposed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. METHODS: Patients without known liver disease and with > 6 mo previous DDI use had liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography (TE). Those with alanine transaminase (ALT) above upper limit normal and/or TE > 7.65 kPa underwent ultrasound scan (U/S). Patients with: (1) abnormal U/S; or (2) elevated ALT plus TE > 7.65 kPa; or (3) TE > 9.4 kPa were offered trans-jugular liver biopsy (TJLB) with hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) assessment. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were recruited, median age 50 years (range 31-70), 81% male and 70% men who have sex with men. Ninety-five percent with VL < 50 copies on antiretroviral therapy with median CD4 count 639 IU/L. Median DDI exposure was 3.4 years (range 0.5-14.6). Eighty-one had a valid TE readings (interquartile range/score ratio < 0.3): 71 (88%) < 7.65 kPa, 6 (7%) 7.65-9.4 kPa and 4 (6%) > 9.4 kPa. Seventeen (17%) met criteria for TJLB, of whom 12 accepted. All had HVPG < 6 mmHg. Commonest histological findings were steatosis (n = 6), normal architecture (n = 4) and NRH (n = 2), giving a prevalence of previously undiagnosed NRH of 2% (95%CI: 0.55%, 7.0%). CONCLUSION: A screening strategy based on TE, liver enzymes and U/S scan found a low prevalence of previously undiagnosed NRH in DDI exposed, asymptomatic HIV positive patients. Patients were more likely to have steatosis highlighting the increased risk of multifactorial liver disease in this population.

Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Perinatally HIV-infected Adolescents Treated With Didanosine-containing Antiretroviral Regimens in Childhood.[Pubmed:27167116]

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016 Aug;35(8):e248-52.

BACKGROUND: Noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) has been reported in HIV-infected adults. Antiretroviral drugs, as well as genetic and thrombophilic predisposition, have been suggested as possible etiologic factors. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 6 HIV-infected patients attending the Infectious Diseases Departments at respectively Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London who were diagnosed with NCPH. All underwent extensive blood analysis, liver ultrasound, liver elastography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and percutaneous needle liver biopsy for histological evaluation. RESULTS: We describe 6 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents, all female, who developed NCPH after prolonged exposure during childhood to a Didanosine-containing antiretroviral regimen. Histology and electron microscopy showed periportal fibrosis and mitochondrial damage as key findings in their liver biopsies. One of these 6 patients required surgical intervention, the remainder have been managed conservatively to date. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, symptomatic NCPH may present in adolescence after perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection. In this case series, risk factors included female sex and prolonged exposure to antiretroviral regimens that included the nucleoside-analogue Didanosine in childhood.

Description

Didanosine(Videx) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.49 μM.

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