Dimethylcurcumin

The rhizomes of Curcuma rcenyujin

ASC-J9, is antitumor agent. ASC-J9 suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer growth via degradation of full-length and splice variant androgen receptors targeting both fAR- and AR3-mediated PCa growth by ASC-J9 may represent the novel therapeutic approach to suppress castration-resistant PCa. ASC-J9 ameliorates spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy phenotype via degradation of androgen receptor.

The androgen receptor (AR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding either of the androgenic hormones, testosterone, or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. [1]The binding of an androgen to the androgen receptor(AR) results into a conformational change, in turn, which causes dissociation of HSP, transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The AR dimer binds to a specific sequence of DNA known as HRE which can interact with other proteins in the nucleus, leading to up-regulation or down-regulation of specific gene transcription.[2]

ASC-J9, the AR degradation enhancer, suppressed both macrophage migration and subsequent PCa cell invasion. Additionally, ASC-J9 can regulate pSTAT3-CCL2 signaling using two pathways: an AR-dependent pathway via inhibiting PIAS3 expression and an AR-independent pathway via direct inhibition of the STAT3 phosphorylation/activation through mouse model in vivo with orthotopically injected TRAMP-C1 cells. In conclusion,a new and better therapeutic strategies using ASC-J9 alone or a combinational therapy that simultaneously targets androgens/AR signaling and PIAS3-pSTAT3-CCL2 signaling to better battle PCa growth and metastasis at castration-resistant stage.[3]

References:

1. Lu NZ. et al. "International Union of Pharmacology. LXV. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors". Pharmacol. Rev. 2006, 58 (4): 782–97.

2. Heemers HV, Tindall DJ. "Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: a diversity of functions converging on and regulating the AR transcriptional complex". Endocr. Rev. 2007, 28 (7): 778–808.

3. Lin TH. et al. “Anti-androgen receptor ASC-J9 versus anti-androgens MDV3100 (Enzalutamide) or Casodex (Bicalutamide) leads to opposite effects on prostate cancer metastasis via differential modulation of macrophage infiltration and STAT3-CCL2 signaling.” Cell Death

Dis. 2013,4:e764

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Curcumin in cancer management: recent results of analogue design and clinical studies and desirable future research.[Pubmed:18186103]

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Sep;52(9):1005-9.

The ability of the curry constituent curcumin to delay the onset of cancer has been the topic of extensive research for many years. Abundant literature is devoted to mechanisms by which curcumin may mediate this activity. These insights have prompted investigations in which curcumin as lead molecule serves as a scaffold for synthetic chemical attempts to optimize pharmacological potency. Among the published analogues with notable efficacy are Dimethylcurcumin, 1,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one and 3,5-bis-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-piperidinium-4-one acetate. Results of a small number of clinical pilot studies conducted with curcumin at doses of up to 12 g suggest tentatively that it is safe in humans. Prevention of adenoma recurrence constitutes a clinical paradigm worthy of further investigation for curcumin. Future clinical study should include measurement of mechanism-based pharmacodynamic parameters.

Dimethylcurcumin (ASC-J9) is an androgen receptor degradation enhancer that effectively suppresses castration resistant prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

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