(±)-J 113397

(±)-J 113397 is a potent and selective non-peptidyl antagonist of ORL1 receptor, with a Ki value of 1.8 nM for cloned human ORL1 [1].

The ORL1 receptor is a G protein-coupled. It is structurally related to the opioid receptors. The heptadecapeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ is the endogenous ligand [2].

In CHO-ORL1 cells, nociceptinr/orphanin FQ dose-dependently suppressed the accumulation of cyclic AMP stimulated by forskolin with an EC value of 0.22 ± 0.011 nM. Treatment with J-113397 at increasing concentration shifted the concentration-response curve of nociceptinr/orphanin FQ to the right. Data indicated that J-113397 inhibited the interaction between nociceptinr/orphanin FQ and ORL1 in a competitive manner [1].

In a tail-flick test, an i.c.v. injection of nociceptinr/orphanin FQ at 0.01-1 nmol or saline was given to mice. I.c.v. injection of saline did not obviously change the latency of tail-flick. Nociceptinr/orphanin FQ at doses of more than 0.1 nmol shortened the latency. At the high concentration, the effect of nociceptinr/orphanin FQ reached a maximal decrease at 15 min after the injection of J-113397. The effect of nociceptinr/orphanin FQ lasted for more than 60 min. J-113397 inhibited the shortening of mouse tail-flick latency induced by nociceptinr/orphanin FQ dose-dependently. J-113397 at 30 mg/kg completely reversed the hyperalgesia elicited by nociceptinr/orphanin FQ [1].

References:
[1].  Ozaki S, Kawamoto H, Itoh Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of J-113397, a potent and selective non-peptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist. European journal of pharmacology, 2000, 402(1): 45-53.
[2].  Mollereau C, Mouledous L. Tissue distribution of the opioid receptor-like (ORL1) receptor. Peptides, 2000, 21(7): 907-917.

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor antagonist J-113397 enhances the effects of levodopa in the MPTP-lesioned nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease.[Pubmed:18759357]

Mov Disord. 2008 Oct 15;23(13):1922-5.

The anti-parkinsonian and levodopa-sparing potential of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) antagonist J-113397 has been demonstrated in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Here, we describe the levodopa-sparing potential of J-113397 in MPTP-lesioned marmosets. Coadministration of J-113397 (30 mg/kg) with a sub-therapeutic dose of levodopa (12.5 mg/kg) produced an anti-parkinsonian action equivalent to that of a therapeutic dose of levodopa. However, these effects were accompanied by an equivalent level of dyskinesia. The actions of NOP antagonists seen in rodents translate to nonhuman primates. However, the present study raises the possibility that these levodopa-sparing benefits may be offset by a propensity to exacerbate dyskinesia.

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor antagonist J-113397 and L-DOPA additively attenuate experimental parkinsonism through overinhibition of the nigrothalamic pathway.[Pubmed:17287504]

J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 7;27(6):1297-307.

By using a battery of behavioral tests, we showed that nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP receptor) antagonists attenuated parkinsonian-like symptoms in 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats (Marti et al., 2005). We now present evidence that coadministration of the NOP receptor antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) and L-DOPA to 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats produced an additive attenuation of parkinsonism. To investigate the neurobiological substrates underlying this interaction, in vivo microdialysis was used in combination with behavioral measurements (bar test). J-113397 and L-DOPA alone reduced the time on bars (i.e., attenuated akinesia) and elevated GABA release selectively in the lesioned substantia nigra reticulata. J-113397 also reduced nigral glutamate levels, whereas L-DOPA was ineffective. J-113397 and L-DOPA coadministration produced additive antiakinetic effect, which was associated with additive increase in nigral GABA release but no additional reductions in glutamate levels. To investigate whether the increase in nigral GABA release could translate to changes in nigrothalamic transmission, GABA release was monitored in the ventromedial thalamus (one of the main target areas of the nigrothalamic projections). J-113397 and L-DOPA decreased thalamic GABA release and attenuated akinesia, their combination resulting in a more profound effect. These actions were prevented by perfusing the voltage-dependent Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin or the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline in the substantia nigra reticulata. These data demonstrate that J-113397 and L-DOPA exert their antiparkinsonian action through overinhibition of nigrothalamic transmission and suggest that NOP receptor antagonists may be useful as an adjunct to L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease.

A new synthesis of the ORL-1 antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro- 2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) and activity in a calcium mobilization assay.[Pubmed:17976996]

Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jan 15;16(2):822-9.

A new chiral synthesis of the ORL-1 antagonist 1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidinyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro- 2H-benzimidazol-2-one (2, J-113397) was developed. J-113397 has a K(e)=0.85nM in an ORL-1 calcium mobilization assay and is 89-, 887-, and 227-fold selective for the ORL-1 receptor relative to the mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Effects of intraplantar nocistatin and (+/-)-J 113397 injections on nociceptive behavior in a rat model of inflammation.[Pubmed:22120202]

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012 Jan;100(3):639-44.

Nocistatin (NST) and Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are derived from the same precursor protein, pre-proN/OFQ, and exert opposite effects on the modulation of pain signals. However, the role of the peripheral N/OFQ and the NOP receptor, which is located at the endings of sensory nerves, in inflammatory pain was not ascertained. NST administered intrathecally (i.t.) prevented the nociceptive effects induced by i.t. N/OFQ and PGE(2). Moreover an up regulation of N/OFQ was shown in the rat in response to peripheral inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of functional N/OFQ and NOP receptor antagonists in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Our findings showed that i.pl. injection of (+/-)-J 113397, a selective antagonist of the NOP receptor, and NST, the functional N/OFQ antagonist, prior to carrageenan significantly reduced the paw allodynic and thermal hyperalgesic threshold induced by the inflammatory agent. The resulting antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects by co-administering NST and (+/-)-J 113397 prior to carrageenan were markedly enhanced, and the basal latencies were restored. Thus, it is likely that the peripheral N/OFQ/NOP receptor system contributes to the abnormal pain sensitivity in an inflammatory state.

In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of J-113397, a potent and selective non-peptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist.[Pubmed:10940356]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Aug 18;402(1-2):45-53.

1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl -1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397) was found to be the first potent nonpeptidyl ORL1 receptor antagonist (K(i): cloned human ORL1=1.8 nM) with high selectivity over other opioid receptors (K(i): 1000 nM for human mu-opioid receptor, >10,000 nM for human delta-opioid receptor, and 640 nM for human kappa-opioid receptor). In vitro, J-113397 inhibited nociceptin/orphanin FQ-stimulated [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(gamma-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) binding to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing ORL1 (CHO-ORL1) with an IC(50) value of 5.3 nM but had no effect on [35S]GTP gamma S binding by itself. Schild plot analysis of the [35S]GTP gamma S binding assay and cAMP assay using CHO-ORL1 indicated competitive antagonism of J-113397 on the ORL1 receptor. In CHO cells expressing mu-, delta- or kappa-opioid receptors, J-113397 had no effects on [35S]GTP gamma S binding up to a concentration of 100 nM, indicating selective antagonism of the compound on the ORL1 receptor. In vivo, J-113397, when administered subcutaneously (s.c.), dose-dependently inhibited hyperalgesia elicited by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of nociceptin/orphanin FQ in a tail-flick test with mice. An in vitro binding study using mouse brains indicated that J-113397 possesses high affinity for the mouse ORL1 receptor (K(i): 1.1 nM) as well as the human receptor. In summary, J-113397 is the first potent, selective ORL1 receptor antagonist that may be useful in elucidating the physiological roles of nociceptin/orphanin FQ.