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Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

CAS# 103639-04-9

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

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Chemical Properties of Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

Cas No. 103639-04-9 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 59774 Appearance Powder
Formula C18H24ClN3O3 M.Wt 365.85
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (273.34 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 16.67 mg/mL (45.57 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name 9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4-one;dihydrate;hydrochloride
SMILES [H+].O.O.[Cl-].Cn1c2CCC(Cn3ccnc3C)C(=O)c2c4ccccc14
Standard InChIKey VRSLTNZJOUZKLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C18H19N3O.ClH.2H2O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2;;;/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3;1H;2*1H2
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate Dilution Calculator

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Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.7334 mL 13.6668 mL 27.3336 mL 54.6672 mL 68.334 mL
5 mM 0.5467 mL 2.7334 mL 5.4667 mL 10.9334 mL 13.6668 mL
10 mM 0.2733 mL 1.3667 mL 2.7334 mL 5.4667 mL 6.8334 mL
50 mM 0.0547 mL 0.2733 mL 0.5467 mL 1.0933 mL 1.3667 mL
100 mM 0.0273 mL 0.1367 mL 0.2733 mL 0.5467 mL 0.6833 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as anantiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy.

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References on Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

Response heterogeneity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a rat visceral hypersensitivity model.[Pubmed:9007525]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Dec 27;318(1):141-4.

Subcutaneous administration of granisetron (BRL 43694, endo-1-methyl-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1.]non-3-yl-1 H-indazole-3-carboxamide) and zacopride (4-amino-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2.]oct-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide), two 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, at doses ranging from 3 to 1000 micrograms/kg, inhibited abdominal contractions induced by distension (30 mmHg, 10 min) of irritated colon (0.6% acetic acid) in conscious rats with a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The ED50 of granisetron and zacopride were 17.6 and 8.2 micrograms/kg, respectively. In contrast, both tropisetron (ICS 205-930, (3-a-tropanyl)t-indole-3-carboxylic ester) and ondansetron (GR38032F, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H-carbazol-4-one hydrocloride dihydrate) were inactive in this model. These data further support the concept of a heterogeneity in the potency of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in modulating visceral hypersensitivity in conscious rats. This finding is in agreement with a reported efficacy of granisetron but not of ondansetron in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Formulation and development of pH-independent/dependent sustained release matrix tablets of ondansetron HCl by a continuous twin-screw melt granulation process.[Pubmed:25863118]

Int J Pharm. 2015 Dec 30;496(1):33-41.

The objective of the present study was to develop pH-independent/dependent sustained release (SR) tablets of ondansetron HCl dihydrate (OND), a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is used for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and postoperative treatment. The challenge with the OND API is its pH-dependent solubility and relatively short elimination half-life. Therefore, investigations were made to solve these problems in the current study. Formulations were prepared using stearic acid as a binding agent via a melt granulation process in a twin-screw extruder. The micro-environmental pH of the tablet was manipulated by the addition of fumaric acid to enhance the solubility and release of OND from the tablet. The in vitro release study demonstrated sustained release for 24h with 90% of drug release in formulations using stearic acid in combination with ethyl cellulose, whereas 100% drug release in 8h for stearic acid-hydroxypropylcellulose matrices. The formulation release kinetics was correlated to the Higuchi diffusion model and a non-Fickian drug release mechanism. The results of the present study demonstrated for the first time the pH dependent release from hydrophilic-lipid matrices as well as pH independent release from hydrophobic-lipid matrices for OND SR tablets manufactured by means of a continuous melt granulation technique utilizing a twin-screw extruder.

High-performance liquid chromatographic method optimization for ondansetron assay in extemporaneous topical gel and in marketed products.[Pubmed:25906631]

Int J Pharm Compd. 2014 Nov-Dec;18(6):520-5.

The compounding and evaluation of Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate topical gel, 2.5% w/w, were conducted in this study. The gelling agent was Carbopol 940. Ethanol 70% in purified water was used to dissolve the drug and disperse the gelling agent. A gel was formed by adding drops of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution. To assay this gel, we developed a simple and reproducible stability--indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. This method was validated for specificity, accuracy, and precision. The compounded gel was assayed in triplicate, and the average recovery was 98.3%. Ondansetron marketed products were analyzed for comparison with the compounded formulation. Assay, accuracy, and precision data of the compounded topical gel were comparable to the marketed products.

Chronic hypoxic incubation blunts a cardiovascular reflex loop in embryonic American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).[Pubmed:21445563]

J Comp Physiol B. 2011 Oct;181(7):981-90.

Hypoxia is a naturally occurring environmental challenge for embryonic non-avian reptiles, and this study is the first to investigate the impact of chronic hypoxia on a possible chemoreflex loop in a developing non-avian reptile. We measured heart rate and blood pressure in normoxic and hypoxic-incubated (10% O(2)) American alligator embryos (Alligator mississippiensis) at 70 and 90/95% of development. We hypothesized that hypoxic incubation would blunt embryonic alligators' response to a reflex loop stimulated by phenylbiguanide (PBG), a 5-HT(3) receptor agonist that stimulates vagal pulmonary C-fiber afferents. PBG injection caused a hypotensive bradycardia in 70 and 95% of development embryos (paired t tests, P < 0.05), a response similar to mammals breathing inspired air (all injections made through occlusive catheter in tertiary chorioallantoic membrane artery). Hypoxic incubation blunted the bradycardic response to PBG in embryos at 95% of development (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.01). We also demonstrated that the vagally mediated afferent limb of this reflex can be partially or completely blocked in ovo with a 5-HT(3) receptor blockade using Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (OHD), with a ganglionic blockade using hexamethonium, or with a cholinergic blockade using atropine. Atropine eliminated the hypotensive and bradycardic responses to PBG, and OHD and hexamethonium significantly blunted these responses. This cardiovascular reflex mediated by the vagus was affected by hypoxic incubation, suggesting that reptilian sympathetic and parasympathetic reflex loops have the potential for developmental plasticity in response to hypoxia. We suggest that the American alligator, with an extended length of time between each developmental stage relative to avian species, may provide an excellent model to test the cardiorespiratory effects of prolonged exposure to changes in atmospheric gases. This extended period allows for lengthy studies at each stage without the transition to a new stage, and the natural occurrence of hypoxia and hypercapnia in crocodilian nests makes this stress ecologically and evolutionarily relevant.

Design and evaluation of buccal films as paediatric dosage form for transmucosal delivery of ondansetron.[Pubmed:27267732]

Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2016 Aug;105:115-21.

In the process of implementation and innovation of paediatric dosage forms, buccal films for transmucosal administration of drug represent one of the most interesting approach. In fact, films are able to provide an extended duration of activity allowing minimal dosage and frequency and offer an exact and flexible dose, associated with ease of handling. The objective of the present study was to develop polymeric films for the sustained release of ondansetron hydrochloride, a selective inhibitor of 5-HT3 receptors indicated in paediatrics for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy and postoperatively. Films were prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions containing different weight ratios of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with chitosan (CH) or sodium hyaluronate (HA) or gelatin (GEL) and characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. The presence of HA, GEL and CH did not improve the mucoadhesive properties of HPMC film. The inclusion of GEL and CH in HPMC film increased in vitro drug release with respect to the inclusion of HA, although films containing HA showed the highest water uptake. Moreover in agreement with the release behaviour, the inclusion of CH and GEL provided higher drug permeation through porcine buccal mucosa with respect to HPMC film and ensured linear permeation profiles of drug.

Description

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (GR 38032 hydrochloride dihydrate; SN 307 hydrochloride dihydrate) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as anantiemetic (to treat nausea and vomiting), often following chemotherapy.

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