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D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

CAS# 17629-30-0

D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

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Quality Control of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

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Chemical structure

D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

3D structure

Chemical Properties of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

Cas No. 17629-30-0 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 46223008 Appearance Powder
Formula C18H42O21 M.Wt 594.51
Type of Compound Miscellaneous Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms D-(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate
Solubility Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc.
Chemical Name (3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;pentahydrate
SMILES C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.O.O.O.O.O
Standard InChIKey BITMAWRCWSHCRW-XRZHKTLCSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C18H32O16.5H2O/c19-1-5-8(22)11(25)13(27)16(31-5)30-3-7-9(23)12(26)14(28)17(32-7)34-18(4-21)15(29)10(24)6(2-20)33-18;;;;;/h5-17,19-29H,1-4H2;5*1H2/t5-,6-,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15+,16?,17?,18+;;;;;/m1...../s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

The seeds of Glycine max

Biological Activity of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

DescriptionAfter treatment with CVGI, Raffinose family oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed effectively to yield galactose and sucrose. AA-PCD resistance in Raffinose-grown cells occurs with a decrease in both ROS production and cytochrome c release as compared to glucose-grown cells en route to AA-PCD.
TargetsROS | P450 (e.g. CYP17)
In vitro

Yeast growth in raffinose results in resistance to acetic-acid induced programmed cell death mostly due to the activation of the mitochondrial retrograde pathway.[Pubmed: 23906793 ]

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Dec;1833(12):2765-74.

In order to investigate whether and how a modification of mitochondrial metabolism can affect yeast sensitivity to programmed cell death (PCD) induced by acetic acid (AA-PCD), yeast cells were grown on Raffinose, as a sole carbon source, which, differently from glucose, favours mitochondrial respiration.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We found that, differently from glucose-grown cells, Raffinose-grown cells were mostly resistant to AA-PCD and that this was due to the activation of mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) response, which increased with time, as revealed by the up-regulation of the peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1, RTG pathway target genes. Accordingly, the deletion of RTG2 and RTG3, a positive regulator and a transcription factor of the RTG pathway, resulted in AA-PCD, as shown by TUNEL assay. Neither deletion in Raffinose-grown cells of HAP4, encoding the positive regulatory subunit of the Hap2,3,4,5 complex nor constitutive activation of the RTG pathway in glucose-grown cells due to deletion of MKS1, a negative regulator of RTG pathway, had effect on yeast AA-PCD. The RTG pathway was found to be activated in yeast cells containing mitochondria, in which membrane potential was measured, capable to consume oxygen in a manner stimulated by the uncoupler CCCP and inhibited by the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A.
CONCLUSIONS:
AA-PCD resistance in Raffinose-grown cells occurs with a decrease in both ROS production and cytochrome c release as compared to glucose-grown cells en route to AA-PCD.

In vivo

Isolation, characterization, and hepatoprotective effects of the raffinose family oligosaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.[Pubmed: 23879777]

J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Aug 14;61(32):7786-93.

This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RGOs) from a novel plant source of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, and further evaluate whether RGOs can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatopathy in mice. HPLC analysis showed that RGOs were mainly composed of stachyose (61.7%, w/w), followed by 23.7% Raffinose and 7.1% sucrose.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Administration of RGOs orally daily in mice for 21 days significantly reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total-cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). RGOs also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malonaldehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 in mice, which coincided with the histological alteration.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings exhibited the potential prospect of RGOs as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.

Protocol of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

Kinase Assay

Purification an α-galactosidase from Coriolus versicolor with acid-resistant and good degradation ability on raffinose family oligosaccharides.[Pubmed: 24197787]

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;30(4):1261-7.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
An acid-tolerant α-galactosidase (CVGI) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor with a 229-fold of purification and a specific activity of 398.6 units mg⁻1. It was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of 40 kDa in SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The α-galactosidase was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and its inner peptides were sequenced by ESI-MS/MS. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were determined as 60 °C and 3.0, respectively. The enzyme was very stable at a temperature range of 4-50 °C and at a pH range of 2-5. Among the metal ions tested, Cu2⁺, Cd2⁺ and Hg2⁺ ions have been shown to partially inhibit the activity of α-galactosidase, while the activity of CVGI was completely inactivated by Ag⁺ ions. N-bromosuccinamide inhibited enzyme activity by 100 %, indicating the importance of tryptophan residue(s) at or near the active site. CVGI had wide substrate specificity (p-nitrophenyl galactoside, melidiose, Raffinose and stachyose). After treatment with CVGI, Raffinose family oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed effectively to yield galactose and sucrose.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results showed that the general properties of the enzyme offer potential for use of this α-galactosidase in several production processes.

D-Raffinose Pentahydrate Dilution Calculator

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D-Raffinose Pentahydrate Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.6821 mL 8.4103 mL 16.8206 mL 33.6411 mL 42.0514 mL
5 mM 0.3364 mL 1.6821 mL 3.3641 mL 6.7282 mL 8.4103 mL
10 mM 0.1682 mL 0.841 mL 1.6821 mL 3.3641 mL 4.2051 mL
50 mM 0.0336 mL 0.1682 mL 0.3364 mL 0.6728 mL 0.841 mL
100 mM 0.0168 mL 0.0841 mL 0.1682 mL 0.3364 mL 0.4205 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on D-Raffinose Pentahydrate

Isolation, characterization, and hepatoprotective effects of the raffinose family oligosaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.[Pubmed:23879777]

J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Aug 14;61(32):7786-93.

This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RGOs) from a novel plant source of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, and further evaluate whether RGOs can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatopathy in mice. HPLC analysis showed that RGOs were mainly composed of stachyose (61.7%, w/w), followed by 23.7% raffinose and 7.1% sucrose. Administration of RGOs orally daily in mice for 21 days significantly reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total-cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). RGOs also increased antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and ameliorated the elevated hepatic formation of malonaldehyde (MDA) induced by CCl4 in mice, which coincided with the histological alteration. These findings exhibited the potential prospect of RGOs as functional ingredients to prevent ROS-related liver damage.

Purification an alpha-galactosidase from Coriolus versicolor with acid-resistant and good degradation ability on raffinose family oligosaccharides.[Pubmed:24197787]

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Apr;30(4):1261-7.

An acid-tolerant alpha-galactosidase (CVGI) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor with a 229-fold of purification and a specific activity of 398.6 units mg(-)(1). It was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of 40 kDa in SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The alpha-galactosidase was identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and its inner peptides were sequenced by ESI-MS/MS. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme were determined as 60 degrees C and 3.0, respectively. The enzyme was very stable at a temperature range of 4-50 degrees C and at a pH range of 2-5. Among the metal ions tested, Cu(2)(+), Cd(2)(+) and Hg(2)(+) ions have been shown to partially inhibit the activity of alpha-galactosidase, while the activity of CVGI was completely inactivated by Ag(+) ions. N-bromosuccinamide inhibited enzyme activity by 100 %, indicating the importance of tryptophan residue(s) at or near the active site. CVGI had wide substrate specificity (p-nitrophenyl galactoside, melidiose, raffinose and stachyose). After treatment with CVGI, raffinose family oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed effectively to yield galactose and sucrose. The results showed that the general properties of the enzyme offer potential for use of this alpha-galactosidase in several production processes.

Yeast growth in raffinose results in resistance to acetic-acid induced programmed cell death mostly due to the activation of the mitochondrial retrograde pathway.[Pubmed:23906793]

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Dec;1833(12):2765-2774.

In order to investigate whether and how a modification of mitochondrial metabolism can affect yeast sensitivity to programmed cell death (PCD) induced by acetic acid (AA-PCD), yeast cells were grown on raffinose, as a sole carbon source, which, differently from glucose, favours mitochondrial respiration. We found that, differently from glucose-grown cells, raffinose-grown cells were mostly resistant to AA-PCD and that this was due to the activation of mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) response, which increased with time, as revealed by the up-regulation of the peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1, RTG pathway target genes. Accordingly, the deletion of RTG2 and RTG3, a positive regulator and a transcription factor of the RTG pathway, resulted in AA-PCD, as shown by TUNEL assay. Neither deletion in raffinose-grown cells of HAP4, encoding the positive regulatory subunit of the Hap2,3,4,5 complex nor constitutive activation of the RTG pathway in glucose-grown cells due to deletion of MKS1, a negative regulator of RTG pathway, had effect on yeast AA-PCD. The RTG pathway was found to be activated in yeast cells containing mitochondria, in which membrane potential was measured, capable to consume oxygen in a manner stimulated by the uncoupler CCCP and inhibited by the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A. AA-PCD resistance in raffinose-grown cells occurs with a decrease in both ROS production and cytochrome c release as compared to glucose-grown cells en route to AA-PCD.

Description

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose that occurs naturally in a variety of vegetables and grains. D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate is a functional oligosaccharide.

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