Rebamipide

Rebamipide

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of rebamipide in healthy Korean subjects with the characterization of atypical complex absorption kinetics.[Pubmed:28316019]

J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2017 Aug;44(4):291-303.

In this study, the population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of Rebamipide (Reba) in healthy male Korean subjects was analyzed using the nonlinear mixed effects modeling method. The possible effects of physiological covariates and the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene 3435C>T polymorphism on PK parameters were also investigated. Data were collected from a bioequivalence study, in which 26 subjects who participated in the study were administered a single oral dose of 100 mg Reba; only data from the reference formulation were used. Reba showed a relatively large inter-individual variability (from 2.6- to 3.3-fold) in the PK parameters with double peaks or the concentration plateau after the peak concentration in its serum concentration-time profiles. The population PKs of Reba was best described by a one-compartment model with three fraction absorption processes followed a single Weibull-type function and two first-order kinetics, and lag times. The study suggests that the efflux transporter MDR1 3435C>T allele affects the substantial inter-individual variability in the absorption of Reba according to genetic polymorphism. A significant difference was found in the absorption rate ka 1 among the MDR1 3435C>T genotype groups (P < 0.05) (CT group, 79.8% increase; and TT group, 115% increase). The use of combined MDR1 3435C>T and body mass index as covariates for ka 1 exerted a more significant effect (P < 0.05). In addition, body surface area significantly affected the apparent total clearance (P < 0.05).

The potential curative effect of rebamipide in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.[Pubmed:28361247]

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2017 Jul;390(7):691-700.

Rebamipide (Reba), a gastroprotective drug, has signified its hepatoprotective activity; however, its possible post-therapeutic intervention in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains elusive. Consequently, the intent of this study was to test Reba modulatory effect on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling in hepatic I/R model. Rats were randomized into sham, I/R, Reba 60, and Reba100 (60 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) groups. Ischemia was induced for 30 min followed by 3-day reperfusion to set up a model of partial (70%) warm hepatic ischemia. Post-treatment with Reba reduced the serum level of alanine transaminase, improved histopathological alterations of the liver, and elevated hepatic adenosine triphosphate. It also lowered hepatic lipid peroxides and increased both total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide. Besides, Reba decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, myeloperoxidase, prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase-2 expression/content, and caspase-3 activity. Reba also upregulated the gene expression/content of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), while it downregulated that of high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and reduced the expression/content of NF-kappaB p65/pS536-NF-kappaB and the content of pT180/Y182-p38MAPK. Reba provided tenable hepato-therapeutic mechanisms to mitigate events concomitant with hepatic I/R via inhibition of NF-kappaB p65 and modulation of its influential signals (SIRT-1, HMGB1, p38MAPK) associated with its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic impacts.

Comparison of Short-Term Effects of Diquafosol and Rebamipide on Mucin 5AC Level on the Rabbit Ocular Surface.[Pubmed:28346860]

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jul/Aug;33(6):493-497.

PURPOSE: To investigate the short-term effects of 2 new secretagogue eye drops for dry eye, 3% diquafosol tetrasodium ophthalmic solution (diquafosol) and 2% Rebamipide ophthalmic suspension (Rebamipide), on the concentration of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in rabbit tear fluid and conjunctival goblet cells. METHODS: One dose of artificial tears, diquafosol or Rebamipide, was instilled into 8 eyes of Japanese white rabbits. MUC5AC concentration in the tear fluid was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 15 min after instillation and compared with 8 untreated controls. Impression cytology was performed to measure the number of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive cells and the ratio of the PAS-positive area using image analysis software. Statistical comparison was performed using ANOVA with post hoc analysis with the Tukey's test. RESULTS: After 15 min, only diquafosol significantly (P Rebamipide. There is a difference in the induction pattern of MUC5AC into the tears from the goblet cells between these eye drops.

Rebamipide ameliorates atherosclerosis by controlling lipid metabolism and inflammation.[Pubmed:28241014]

PLoS One. 2017 Feb 27;12(2):e0171674.

RESULTS: The oral administration of Rebamipide decreased plaque formation in atherosclerotic lesions as well as the markers of metabolic disorder in ApoE-deficient mice with atherosclerosis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were also suppressed by rebamapide. In addition, the population of Th17 was decreased, whereas Treg was increased in the spleen of Rebamipide-treated ApoE deficient mice. Rebamipide also ameliorated the severity of obese arthritis and has the capability to reduce the development of atherosclerosis by controlling the balance between Th17 and Treg cells. Thus, Rebamipide could be a therapeutic agent to improve the progression of inflammation in metabolic diseases.

Rebamipide (OPC12759) is a mucoprotective agent. Rebamipide induces COX-2 expression, increases PGE2 levels, and enhances gastric mucosal defense in a COX-2-dependent manner.

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