Detomidine HCl

Detomidine hydrochloride produce dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects, is a nonnarcotic, synthetic α2-adrenergic agonist

Effect of head position on intraocular pressure in horses.[Pubmed:16817748]

Am J Vet Res. 2006 Jul;67(7):1232-5.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of head position on intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses. ANIMALS: 30 horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were sedated with Detomidine HCl (0.01 mg/kg, IV). Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks were applied bilaterally with 2% lidocaine HCl. The corneas of both eyes were anesthetized with ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine solution. Intraocular pressures were measured with an applanation tonometer with the head positioned below and above heart level. The mean of 3 readings was taken for each eye at each position for data analysis. The effect of head position on IOP was assessed and generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for the correlation from repeated measures of the same eye and intereye correlation from the same horse. RESULTS: Of the 60 eyes, 52 (87%) had increased IOP when measured below the heart level. A significant difference (mean +/- SE, 8.20 +/- 1.01 mm Hg) was seen in the mean IOP when the head was above (17.5 +/- 0.8 mm Hg) or below (25.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg) heart level. No significant effect of sex, age, or neck length on IOP change was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Head position has a significant effect on the IOP of horses. Failure to maintain a consistent head position between IOP measurements could potentially prevent the meaningful interpretation of perceived aberrations or changes in IOP.

Pleuropulmonary and cardiovascular consequences of thoracoscopy performed in healthy standing horses.[Pubmed:10952375]

Equine Vet J. 2000 Jul;32(4):280-6.

Six healthy, awake, and pharmacologically restrained mature horses were studied in order to define the changes in cardiopulmonary function during and after exploratory thoracoscopy and to determine the presence of postoperative complications occurring 48 hours after thoracoscopy. In a randomised 3 x 3 latin square design with 2 replications, 18 procedures were performed: 6 right (RTH) and 6 left thoracoscopies (LTH) and 6 sham procedures (STH). Prior to each procedure a physical examination and a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis were performed. During thoracoscopy and sham protocols, horses were sedated with a continual drip of Detomidine HCl and data were collected at 6 time intervals: T1 (baseline), T2 (10 min detomidine administration), T3 (first 15 min pneumothorax), T4 (5 min recovery from pneumothorax), T5 (second 15 min pneumothorax), and T6 (10 min recovery from the second pneumothorax and detomidine). An endoscopic thoracic examination was conducted during the 2 pneumothorax periods. An identical protocol was followed for sham procedures without surgery or pneumothorax. Data were analysed by ANOVA with time and surgical procedure as main factors. Physical examinations, thoracic radiography and ultrasound, CBC and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis were performed 48 h after thoracoscopy. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and cardiac output decreased following detomidine administration. There was a trend for cardiac output to be lower during thoracoscopy. Mild systemic hypertension was associated with thoracoscopy although there was no effect on pulmonary arterial pressure. Total and pulmonary vascular resistances were increased following detomidine administration. Thoracoscopy caused a further increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances especially during the second pneumothorax. Arterial O2 tension decreased following detomidine administration and was further decreased during the second pneumothorax period. PaO2 values were lower when thoracoscopy was performed on the left rather than the right hemithorax. No significant complications were found during the 48 h follow-up evaluation. A subclinical postoperative pneumothorax occurred in 2 horses, one of which had sustained a lung laceration by the trocar. Thoracoscopy performed in healthy, awake, and pharmacologically restrained horses did not have detrimental cardiopulmonary effects and did not cause postoperative complications within the first 48 h period.

Laparoscopic cryptorchid castration in standing horses.[Pubmed:9232793]

Vet Surg. 1997 Jul-Aug;26(4):335-9.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes a new technique for laparoscopic cryptorchid castration in standing horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight horses aged 11 months to 3 years and weighing between 300 and 643 kg. METHODS: Food was withheld for 24 to 36 hours, and then horses were sedated with Detomidine HCl (0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg) and butorphanol tartrate (0.02 mg/kg). The paralumbar fossa region was desensitized with 2% mepivacaine in an inverted "L" pattern and caudal epidural anesthesia was administered with either xylazine (0.18 mg/kg diluted to 10 to 15 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride) or a combination of 2% mepivacaine and xylazine (0.18 mg/kg). Initial laparoscopic exploration was performed from the left flank; in three horses, right flank laparoscopy was needed to complete the procedure. The spermatic cord was ligated within the abdomen with one or two sutures of 0 polydioxanone suture, and the testis or testes removed through a flank incision. RESULTS: In five horses with no palpably descended testes, standing laparoscopy was the only procedure performed, whereas in two horses, the abdominal testis was removed laparoscopically, and the descended testis was removed under short acting anesthesia. In one horse, with nonpalpable testes, it was determined by laparoscopic observation that the testes were in the inguinal canal, and castration was performed under general anesthesia. No surgical or postoperative complications were noted. The right side of the abdomen, and especially the right vaginal ring, could be easily observed from the left side by passing the laparoscope through a small perforation in the mesocolon of the descending colon or by elevating the descending colon with an instrument or by use of an arm in the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: The standing laparoscopic approach combined with or without short-acting anesthesia to remove the descended testis is easily performed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This approach will provide surgeons with another option to castrate cryptorchid stallions.

Immobilization of domestic goats (Capra hircus) using orally administered carfentanil citrate and detomidine hydrochloride.[Pubmed:9279404]

J Zoo Wildl Med. 1997 Jun;28(2):158-65.

Eight domestic goats (Capra hircus) were anesthetized with a combination of carfentanil citrate and Detomidine HCl each at a dosage of 60 micrograms/kg, mixed with an equal volume of 0.5% saponin, an absorption enhancer. The drug combination was delivered by hand directly into the buccal cavity. Physiologic parameters were measured prior to drug administration and at 5-min intervals after the goats reached sternal recumbency. Depth of anesthesia was assessed at the same time intervals following drug administration. Blood was drawn prior to drug administration, at initial contact following sustained sternal recumbency, and at 15-min intervals thereafter. Serum carfentanil and detomidine levels were measured using slightly modified commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and techniques. Mean (+/-SD) induction time (time from drug administration to sternal recumbency) was 22 +/- 4.3 min (n = 8), and inductions were characterized by long excitement phases (9.3 +/- 5.8 min). There was considerable variation in the depth of anesthesia. Three goats appeared to be lightly anesthetized, two goats showed moderate levels of anesthesia, and three goats attained levels of anesthesia adequate for the performance of minor veterinary procedures. Physiologic changes caused by the drug combination were minor and were consistent with changes seen with parenteral administration of these drugs. Serum carfentanil levels were greatest at the time of initial contact for three goats and greatest 15 min later for two other goats. Levels then decreased slightly during the procedures, suggesting carfentanil absorption in these animals was across the oral mucosa. Serum detomidine levels rose gradually throughout anesthesia. Reversals with naltrexone and yohimbine or atipamezole were rapid and smooth.

Caudal analgesia induced by epidural or subarachnoid administration of detomidine hydrochloride solution in mares.[Pubmed:8067616]

Am J Vet Res. 1994 May;55(5):670-80.

Seven adult mares were used to determine the analgesic, CNS, and cardiopulmonary effects of detomidine hydrochloride solution after epidural or subarachnoid administration, using both regimens in random sequence. At least 1 week elapsed between experiments. A 17-gauge Huber point (Tuohy) directional needle was used to place a catheter with stylet into either the epidural space at the first coccygeal interspace or the subarachnoid space at the lumbosacral intervertebral junction. Catheters were advanced so that the tips lay at the caudal sacral (S5 to S4) epidural space or at the midsacral (S3 to S2) subarachnoid space. Position of the catheter was confirmed radiographically. A 1% solution of Detomidine HCl was injected into the epidural catheter at a dosage of 60 micrograms/kg of body weight, and was expanded to a 10-ml volume with sterile water to induce selective caudal epidural analgesia (CEA). A dose of 30 micrograms of Detomidine HCl/kg expanded to a 3-ml volume with spinal fluid was injected into the subarachnoid catheter to induce caudal subarachnoid analgesia (CSA). Analgesia was determined by lack of sensory perception to electrical stimulation (avoidance threshold > 40 V, 0.5-ms duration) at the perineal dermatomes and no response to superficial and deep muscular pinprick stimulation at the pelvic limb and lumbar and thoracic dermatomes. Maximal CEA and CSA extended from the coccyx to spinal cord segments T15 and T14 at 10 to 25 minutes after epidural and subarachnoid drug administrations in 2 mares. Analgesia at the perineal area lasted longer after epidural than after subarachnoid administration (142.8 +/- 28.8 minutes vs 127.1 +/- 27.7 minutes). All mares remained standing. Both CEA and CSA induced marked sedation, moderate ataxia, minimal cardiopulmonary depression, increased frequency of second-degree atrioventricular heart block, and renal diuresis. All treatments resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) decreased heart rate, respiratory rate, systemic arterial blood pressure, PCV, and plasma total solids concentration. To the contrary, arterial carbon dioxide tension, plasma bicarbonate, and standard base excess concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Arterial oxygen tension, pH, and rectal temperature did not change significantly from baseline values. Results indicate that use of detomidine for CEA and CSA in mares probably induces local spinal and CNS effects, marked sedation, moderate ataxia, mild cardiopulmonary depression, and renal diuresis.

Detomidine hydrochloride produce dose-dependent sedative and analgesic effects, is a nonnarcotic, synthetic α2-adrenergic agonist Target: α2-adrenergic agonist Detomidine is an imidazole derivative and α2-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative, primarily used in horses.

Detomidine HCl,90038-01-0,Natural Products,Adrenergic Receptor, buy Detomidine HCl , Detomidine HCl supplier , purchase Detomidine HCl , Detomidine HCl cost , Detomidine HCl manufacturer , order Detomidine HCl , high purity Detomidine HCl