Inulin

Inulin

Molecular and biopharmaceutical investigation of alginate-inulin synbiotic coencapsulation of probiotic to target the colon.[Pubmed:28350268]

J Microencapsul. 2017 Mar;34(2):171-184.

Colon targeting, as a site-specific delivery for oral formulation, remains a major challenge, especially for sensitive bioactive components such as therapeutic forms of phages, live attenuated virus and prebiotics-probiotics association. Synbiotics could be used to protect encapsulated probiotics during the gastrointestinal tract and control their release in the colon. To achieve these goals, effective prebiotics, such as Inulin, could be combined with alginate - the most exploited polymer used for probiotic encapsulation - in the form of beads. This work aimed to study the biopharmaceutical behaviour of alginate beads (A) and Inulin-alginate beads of different Inulin concentrations (5 or 20%) in 2% alginate (AI5, AI20). Beads were loaded with three probiotic strains (Pediococcus acidilactici Ul5, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius). Dissolution of beads was studied by USP4 under conditions simulating the gastrointestinal condition. The survival rates of the bacterial strains were measured by a specific qPCR bacterial count. Mucoadhesiveness of beads was studied by an ex vivo method using intestinal mucosa. To understand the behaviour of each formulation, the ultrastructure of the polymeric network was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular interactions between alginate and Inulin were studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). Dissolution results suggested that the presence of Inulin in beads provided more protection for the tested bacterial strains against the acidic pH. AI5 was the most effective formulation to deliver probiotics to the colon simulation conditions. FTIR and SEM investigations explained the differences in behaviour of each formula. The developed symbiotic form provided a promising matrix for the development of colonic controlled release systems.

Utilization of inulin-containing waste in industrial fermentations to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals.[Pubmed:28341907]

World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;33(4):78.

Inulins are polysaccharides that belong to an important class of carbohydrates known as fructans and are used by many plants as a means of storing energy. Inulins contain 20 to several thousand fructose units joined by beta-2,1 glycosidic bonds, typically with a terminal glucose unit. Plants with high concentrations of Inulin include: agave, asparagus, coffee, chicory, dahlia, dandelion, garlic, globe artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke, jicama, onion, wild yam, and yacon. To utilize Inulin as its carbon and energy source directly, a microorganism requires an extracellular Inulinase to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds to release fermentable monosaccharides. Inulinase is produced by many microorganisms, including species of Aspergillus, Kluyveromyces, Penicillium, and Pseudomonas. We review various Inulinase-producing microorganisms and Inulin feedstocks with potential for industrial application as well as biotechnological efforts underway to develop sustainable practices for the disposal of residues from processing Inulin-containing crops. A multi-stage biorefinery concept is proposed to convert cellulosic and Inulin-containing waste produced at crop processing operations to valuable biofuels and bioproducts using Kluyveromyces marxianus, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as thermochemical treatments.

Effects of inulin with different degree of polymerization on gelatinization and retrogradation of wheat starch.[Pubmed:28372184]

Food Chem. 2017 Aug 15;229:35-43.

The effects of three types of Inulin, including FS (DP/=23), on the gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics of wheat starch were investigated. As the concentration of Inulin added into starch increased, the gelatinization temperature increased whereas the breakdown value decreased, and the value of setback first decreased and then increased slightly. The three types of Inulin with lower concentrations (<15%) all showed obvious suppression effects on the short-term retrogradation of wheat starch. After 7days of storage, the three types of Inulin showed a significant suppression of starch retrogradation in the addition range of 5-7.5%. They can all inhibit amylose retrogradation, but accelerate amylopectin retrogradation. Inulin with lower DP has stronger effects on the starch retrogradation. Generally, the three types of Inulin can all retard the retrogradation performance of wheat starch to some extent in the long-term storage.

Dietary fat content modulates the hypolipidemic effect of dietary inulin in rats.[Pubmed:28371380]

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Aug;61(8).

SCOPE: Dietary fat content (low versus high fat) may modulate the serum lipid-lowering effect of high-performance (HP)-Inulin. This study investigated the effect of dietary HP-Inulin on metabolism in rats fed a low- or high-fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were fed a diet of 5% fat with 5% cellulose or 5% HP-Inulin (average degree of polymerization = 24) (low-fat diet) or of 20% fat with 5% cellulose or 5% HP-Inulin (high-fat diet) for 28 days. Total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterols, and triglyceride concentrations in the serum were measured along with total lipid content of liver and feces. Hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol, and fecal neutral and acidic sterol concentrations in total lipid were assessed. In addition, cecum SCFA levels and bacterial profiles were determined. The hypolipidemic effect of HP-Inulin differed depending on dietary fat content (5% versus 20%). Specifically, 5% Inulin instead of cellulose in a semi-purified diet significantly reduced serum lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet, which was strongly associated with increased total lipid and neutral sterol excretion. CONCLUSION: Dietary fat content modulates the hypolipidemic effect of dietary Inulin.

Inulin is a water soluble storage polysaccharide and belongs to a group of non-digestible carbohydrates, fructan. Inulin is from plants of the Compositae and Lilialiaceaes families, often used as a prebiotic, fat replacer, sugar replacer, texture modifier, plays beneficial role in gastric .

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