Teneligliptin hydrobromide

Kinase Assay [1]
DPP-4 inhibition assay is carried out using either 5 ng purified recombinant human DPP-4 (rhDPP-4), human plasma (20-fold diluted with assay buffer; phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.003% Brij-35 solution), or rat plasma (10-fold diluted with assay buffer) Gly-Pro-MCA as a chromogenic substrate as described previously with slight modifications. DPP-4 inhibitors (Teneligliptin, Sitagliptin, and Vildagliptin) are diluted with assay buffer at several concentrations. Twenty microliters of inhibitor solution, 20 μL of the enzyme source, and 20 μL of Gly-Pro-MCA (final concentration, 25 μM) are mixed with 140 μL or 160 μL of assay buffer to initiate the enzyme reaction. After 20 min (rhDPP-4) or 1 h (plasma) at 37°C, the fluorescence intensity of 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin (AMC) generated from Gly-Pro-MCA is measured using an automated microplate reader at 360 nm excitation and 465 nm emission. The fluorescence intensity of AMC corresponded to DPP-4 activity[1].

Animal Administration [1][2]
Rats[1] Nine-week-old Wistar rats are randomly divided into 13 groups of eight animals each based on body weight (306.2-374.2 g) and plasma DPP-4 activity. Teneligliptin is orally administered to four groups (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/2 mL/kg). Sitagliptin and vildagliptin is orally administered to each four groups (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg). Vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) is orally administered to one group. Blood samples are collected from the tail vein with heparinized capillary tubes at 0 h (pre dose) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h (post dose) and centrifuged at 1800 g for 15 min at 4°C. Separated plasma is used for the measurement of DPP-4 activity. For dose-response curve using the maximum effect in each dose, the dose of the inhibitors which produce half of the maximum effect; ED50 are calculated. Mice[2] Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is administered into the neonatal ICR mice at birth as a single-dose subcutaneous injection (4 mg/g body weight). Among these mice, males are divided into two groups at 4 weeks of age: the MSG/HFD group (n=6, Group 1) and the MSG/HFD/Teneligliptin-treated group (n=6, Group 2). The mice in Group 2 are administered Teneligliptin (30 mg/kg per day) in the drinking water from 4 weeks of age. The treatment dose of Teneligliptin is determined according to the data from the animal experiments in the drug development process. Although the dose is relatively higher than that for humans in clinical practice, no notable adverse effect is observed in the treatment with the dose for the experimental animal in the process. Both groups are fed HFD from 4-14 weeks of age. At the termination of the experiment (14 weeks of age), all animals are sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation to analyze hepatic histopathology.

References:
[1]. Fukuda-Tsuru S, et al. A novel, potent, and long-lasting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, improves postprandial hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia after single and repeated administrations. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Dec 5;696(1-3):194-202. [2]. Ideta T, et al. The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Teneligliptin Attenuates Hepatic Lipogenesis via AMPK Activation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 8;16(12):29207-18.