WYE-354

WYE-354 is a powerful and selective ATP-competitive kinase heterocyclic inhibitors with biochemical IC50 of 5 nM against mTOR.[1]

WYE-354 displays very specific selectivity to PI3K families (>100-fold to PI3K and >500-fold to PI3K), but it can’t inhibit some protein kinases. May cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-468 and U87MG can be inhibited by WYE-354 in 0.3–1 mM range.[1]

In-vitro study has proved that WYE-354 can inhibit substrate phosphorylation such as p-4E-BP1 T37/46 and p-Akt S473 by mTORC1 and mTORC2. WYE-354 can reduce Akt downstream function and block the propagation of the cancer cell lines with an IC50 value from sub-micromolar to micromolar range [3]. These effects were consistent with the G1 cell cycle arrest in two cell lines, including rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant cells. It is believed to induce apoptosis, repress the global protein synthesis, and down-regulate many angiogenic factors.[3]

References:
[1] Qingsong Liu, Carson Thoreen, Jinhua Wang, David Sabatini, Nathanael S. Gray. mTOR mediated anti-cancer drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today. 2009. 6(2): 47-55.
[2] Shi-Yong Sun. mTOR kinase inhibitors as potential cancer therapeutic drugs. Cancer Letters. 28 October 2013. 340(1): 1-8.

Rapamycin and WYE-354 suppress human gallbladder cancer xenografts in mice.[Pubmed:26397134]

Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 13;6(31):31877-88.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by a poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and WYE-354. In vitro assays showed WYE-354 significantly reduced cell viability, migration and invasion and phospho-P70S6K expression in GBC cells. Mice harboring subcutaneous gallbladder tumors, treated with WYE-354 or rapamycin, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor mass. A short-term treatment with a higher dose of WYE-354 decreased the tumor size by 68.6% and 52.4%, in mice harboring G-415 or TGBC-2TKB tumors, respectively, compared to the control group. By contrast, treatment with a prolonged-low-dose regime of rapamycin almost abrogated tumor growth, exhibiting 92.7% and 97.1% reduction in tumor size, respectively, compared to control mice. These results were accompanied by a greater decrease in the phosphorylation status of P70S6K and a lower cell proliferation Ki67 index, compared to WYE-354 treated mice, suggesting a more effective mTOR pathway inhibition. These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of rapamycin or WYE-354 as potentially good candidates to be studied in clinical trials in GBC patients.

Autophagy inhibition sensitizes WYE-354-induced anti-colon cancer activity in vitro and in vivo.[Pubmed:27020593]

Tumour Biol. 2016 Sep;37(9):11743-11752.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently dysregulated in human colon cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the potential anti-colon cancer cell activity by a novel mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor WYE-354. We showed that WYE-354 was anti-survival and anti-proliferative when adding to primary (patient-derived) and established (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2, LoVo, and DLD-1 lines) colon cancer cells. In addition, WYE-354 treatment activated caspase-dependent apoptosis in the colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, WYE-354 blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation. Meanwhile, it also induced autophagy activation in the colon cancer cells. Autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin A1 and 3-methyladenine), or shRNA-mediated knockdown of autophagy elements (Beclin-1 and ATG-5), remarkably sensitized WYE-354-mediated anti-colon cancer cell activity in vitro. Further studies showed that WYE-354 administration inhibited HT-29 xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Importantly, its activity in vivo was further potentiated with co-administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Phosphorylations of Akt (Ser-473) and S6 were also decreased in WYE-354-treated HT-29 xenografts. Together, these pre-clinical results demonstrate the potent anti-colon cancer cell activity by WYE-354, and its activity may be further augmented with autophagy inhibition.

WYE-354 is an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. WYE-354 also inhibits PI3Kα and PI3Kγ with IC50s of 1.89 μM and 7.37 μM, respectively. WYE-354 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2.

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