A 83-01

A 83-01 is a small-molecule inhibitor of activin receptorlike kinase (ALK)-5 with IC50 value of 12 nM [1].

A 83-01 inhibited 68% of the transcriptional activation induced by ALK-5 at concentration of 1 μM in Mv1LuR4-2 cells that transfected with luciferase reporter gene and constitutively active ALK-5. In cells transfected with luciferase reporter gene only, A 83-01 treatment inhibited the activity of ALK-5 induced by TGF-β (IC50 value was 12 nM) but not BMP. A 83-01 also showed inhibition on the activity of ALK-4 and ALK-7 in R4-2 cells with IC50 values of 45 and 7.5 nM, respectively. For other ALK receptors such as ALK-1, 2, 3 and 6, A 83-01 showed weak inhibition. Besides that, A 83-01 was proved to reduce the cell growth inhibition [1].

References:
1. Tojo M, Hamashima Y, Hanyu A, et al. The ALK-5 inhibitor A-83-01 inhibits Smad signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by transforming growth factor-β. Cancer science, 2005, 96(11): 791-800.

Prognostic factors in unresectable hepatocellular cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 83-01.[Pubmed:1847127]

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991 Jan;20(1):65-71.

The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) conducted a Phase I/II study in hepatocellular cancer that closed on September 9, 1987 and some results presented previously. Here, 17 patient characteristics are evaluated to identify any of prognostic significance. Two hundred sixteen patients were entered and 198 (74% with metastases and/or previous chemotherapy) were evaluable. Treatment began with an induction regimen of external beam radiotherapy to the liver (21.0 Gy, 3.0 Gy/Fx, 10 MV photons, 4 days per week) with low-dose chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil (FU), 500 mg, i.v.; Doxorubicin, 15 mg, i.v.) on treatment Days 1, 3, 5 and 7. In the later stages of these studies, 56 patients received external beam radiotherapy as hyperfractionated treatment (1.2 Gy twice daily, 4 hours separation, 5 days per week, 24.0 Gy total) with similar chemotherapy. One month following induction therapy, cycles of radiolabeled antibody therapy were given every 2 months. Each cycle was derived from a different species of animal and consisted of 30 mCi I-131 antiferritin, Day 0, and 20 mCi, Day 5. On Day -1, 5-FU, 500 mg, and Adriamycin, 15 mg, were administered. The overall median survival for the entire group, including previously treated patients, was 4.9 months. The median survival for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - patients not previously treated was 10.5 months. Median survival for all AFP - patients was 8.5 months and for all AFP + patients was 4.6 months (p = 0.006). Of the 17 pretreatment characteristics investigated for prognostic value Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) (80-100 vs. less than 80) (p = 0.0001), presence/absence of ascites (p = 0.0002), bilirubin level (less than 1.5 vs. greater than or equal to 1.5) (p = 0.018), SGOT (less than or equal to 35 vs. greater than 35) (p = 0.001); alkaline phosphatase (less than or equal to 95 vs. greater than 95) (p = 0.008) were found to be significant independently using a multivariant regression model. The relative risk of dying for the unfavorable component of each of these characteristics was 2.2, 2.0, 1.5, 1.9 and 1.7, respectively. Good and poor prognostic groups were then defined and compared to a similar patient population (RTOG study 83-19) with confirmation of the validity of the model. When stratification for these overpowering clinical factors was incorporated, AFP status was again significant with a relative death rate 1.80 times higher for AFP+ patients. Our recommendations for structuring future prospective randomized trials are discussed and include stratification by AFP status.

The ALK-5 inhibitor A-83-01 inhibits Smad signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by transforming growth factor-beta.[Pubmed:16271073]

Cancer Sci. 2005 Nov;96(11):791-800.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling facilitates tumor growth and metastasis in advanced cancer. Use of inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling may thus be a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with such cancer. In this study, we synthesized and characterized a small molecule inhibitor, A-83-01, which is structurally similar to previously reported ALK-5 inhibitors developed by Sawyer et al. (2003) and blocks signaling of type I serine/threonine kinase receptors for cytokines of the TGF-beta superfamily (known as activin receptor-like kinases; ALKs). Using a TGF-beta-responsive reporter construct in mammalian cells, we found that A-83-01 inhibited the transcriptional activity induced by TGF-beta type I receptor ALK-5 and that by activin type IB receptor ALK-4 and nodal type I receptor ALK-7, the kinase domains of which are structurally highly related to those of ALK-5. A-83-01 was found to be more potent in the inhibition of ALK5 than a previously described ALK-5 inhibitor, SB-431542, and also to prevent phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the growth inhibition induced by TGF-beta. In contrast, A-83-01 had little or no effect on bone morphogenetic protein type I receptors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or extracellular regulated kinase. Consistent with these findings, A-83-01 inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta, suggesting that A-83-01 and related molecules may be useful for preventing the progression of advanced cancers.

The HLA-B*83:01 allele is generated by a gene conversion event including whole of exon 2 and partial introns 1 and 2 between B*44 and B*56 alleles.[Pubmed:21199389]

Int J Immunogenet. 2011 Feb;38(1):73-5.

Several studies have indicated the gene conversion as the most important mechanism about the MHC polymorphism generation when intron sequences are studied. The data obtained confirm that the B*83:01 allele is generated by gene conversion event including exon 2 and partial intron 1 and 2 between B*44 and B*56 alleles.

Topical application of ALK5 inhibitor A-83-01 reduces burn wound contraction in rats by suppressing myofibroblast population.[Pubmed:25351330]

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2014;78(11):1805-12.

Burn scar contracture that follows the healing of deep dermal burns causes severe deformation and functional impairment. However, its current therapeutic interventions are limited with unsatisfactory outcomes. When we treated deep second-degree burns in rat skin with activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor A-83-01, it reduced wound contraction and enhanced the area of re-epithelialization so that the overall time for wound closing was not altered. In addition, it reduced myofibroblast population in the dermis of burn scar with a diminished deposition of its biomarker proteins such as alpha-SMA and collagen. Treatment of rat dermal fibroblast with A-83-01 inhibited transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-dependent induction of alpha-SMA and collagen type I. Taken together, these results suggest that topical application of ALK5 inhibitor A-83-01 could be effective in preventing the contraction of burn wound without delaying the wound closure by virtue of its inhibitory activity against the TGF-beta-induced increase of myofibroblast population.

A 83-01 is a potent inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor ALK5 kinase, type I nodal receptor ALK4 and type I nodal receptor ALK7, with IC50s of 12, 45 and 7.5 nM against the transcription induced by ALK5, ALK4 and ALK7, respectively.

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