DMNB

Amplifying fluorescent polymer sensors for the explosives taggant 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB).[Pubmed:16158118]

Chem Commun (Camb). 2005 Sep 28;(36):4572-4.

Structural and electronic effects on the efficiency of DMNB detection with fluorescent conjugated polymers are described.

Silicon quantum dot sensors for an explosive taggant, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB).[Pubmed:27188402]

Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 Jul 7;52(53):8207-10.

Silicon quantum dots obtained by the reaction of magnesium silicide with ethylenediamine dihydrochloride were utilized to investigate the sensing mechanism and sensitivity for DMNB detection applications. Sensing DMNB provided us with evidence that Si QDs with a higher lying conduction band have better sensitivity compared to CdSe QDs.

Fluorescent detection of nitroaromatics and 2,3-dimethyl 2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) by a zinc complex: (salophen)Zn.[Pubmed:17472370]

Inorg Chem. 2007 May 28;46(11):4422-9.

Fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical explosives are in great demand. It is shown herein that the fluorescence of ZnL* (H2L=N,N'-phenylene-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)) is quenched in solution by nitroaromatics and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), chemical signatures of explosives. The relationship between the structure and fluorescence of ZnL is explored, and crystal structures of three forms of ZnL(base), (base=ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine) are reported, with the base=ethanol structure exhibiting a four-centered hydrogen bonding array. Solution structures are monitored by 1H NMR and molecular weight determination, revealing a dimeric structure in poor donor solvents which converts to a monomeric structure in the presence of good donor solvents or added Lewis bases to form five-coordinate ZnL(base). Fluorescence wavelengths and quantum yields in solution are nearly insensitive to monomer-dimer interconversion, as well as to the identity of the Lewis base; in contrast, the emission wavelength in the solid state varies for different ZnL(base) due to pi-stacking. Nitroaromatics and DMNB are moderately efficient quenchers of ZnL*, with Stern-Volmer constants KSV=2-49 M-1 in acetonitrile solution.

Vanillins--a novel family of DNA-PK inhibitors.[Pubmed:14500812]

Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Oct 1;31(19):5501-12.

Non-homologous DNA end-joining (NHEJ) is a major pathway of double strand break (DSB) repair in human cells. Here we show that vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)--a naturally occurring food component and an acknowledged antimutagen, anticlastogen and anticarcinogen--is an inhibitor of NHEJ. Vanillin blocked DNA end-joining by human cell extracts by directly inhibiting the activity of DNA-PK, a crucial NHEJ component. Inhibition was selective and vanillin had no detectable effect on other steps of the NHEJ process, on an unrelated protein kinase or on DNA mismatch repair by cell extracts. Subtoxic concentrations of vanillin did not affect the ATM/ATR-dependent phosphorylation of Chk2 or the S-phase checkpoint response after ionising radiation. They significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, but did not affect sensitivity to UVC. A limited screen of structurally related compounds identified two substituted vanillin derivatives that were 100- and 50-fold more potent than vanillin as DNA-PK inhibitors. These compounds also sensitised cells to cisplatin. The inhibition of NHEJ is consistent with the antimutagenic and other biological properties of vanillin, possibly altering the balance between DSB repair by NHEJ and homologous recombination.