Ginsenoside MC

[Studies on chemical constituents of saponins from Panax ginseng flower buds].[Pubmed:31359719]

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 Jun;44(12):2519-2531.

This project is to investigate the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The compounds were isolated by using a variety of chromatographic methods including Diaion HP-20,silica gel,MCI gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified by NMR,and MS data. As a result,32 compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds,and identified as ginsenoside Rk_3( 1),ginsenoside Rh_4( 2),ginsenoside Rh_8( 3),pseudoginsenoside Rc_1( 4),ginsenoside Rc( 5),ginsenoside Rb_2( 6),ginsenoside Rg_6( 7),20( E)-ginsenoside F_4( 8),ginsenoside Rb_1( 9),vinaginsenoside R_(16)( 10),ginsenoside Rh_6( 11),vinaginsenoside R_3( 12),5,6-didehydro-ginsenoside Rd( 13),vinaginsenoside R_4( 14),vinaginsenoside R_8( 15),ginsenoside Rf( 16),notoginsenoside E( 17),ginsenoside ( 18),3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3beta,7beta,12beta,20 S-tetrahydroxydammar-5( 6),24-diene-20-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside( 19),20( S)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 20),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 21),notoginsenoside R_2( 22),ginsenoside F_2( 23),quinquenoside I( 24),ginsenoside M_1( 25),quinquenoside L_(10)( 26),ginsenoside Rh_5( 27),ginsenoside Rg_5( 28),ginsenoside Rk_1( 29),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_3( 30),oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1-->2)-beta-D-( 6'-methyl ester)-glucuronopyranoside( 31) and Ginsenoside MC( 32). Among them,compounds 10,12,13,15,19,22,24,31 and 32 were isolated from P. ginseng for the first time,and compound 19 was a genuine ginsenoside firstly obtained by separation and identification,with NMR data that were also reported. Compounds 1-3,7,8,23,25-30 were isolated from P. ginseng flower buds for the first time.

Transformation of bioactive compounds by Fusarium sacchari fungus isolated from the soil-cultivated ginseng.[Pubmed:17935295]

J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Nov 14;55(23):9373-9.

Ginsenoside bioactive compounds, namely, compound K (C-K), compound Mx (C-Mx), and Ginsenoside MC (G-Mc), were the metabolites of ginsenosides Rb 1, Rb 2, Rb 3, and Rc by intestinal microflora of humans or rats, microorganisms, and enzymes, and C-K showed beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo as an antitumoral agent. The objective of this work was to explore an efficient procedure for biotransformation of these bioactive compounds. Thus, a filamentous fungus, Fusarium sacchari, was first obtained from the soil-cultivated ginseng, which was verified to possess a potent capacity of transformation of C-K, C-Mx, and G-Mc. The optimal biotransformation conditions of F. sacchari with C-K, C-Mx, and G-Mc were obtained as follows: transforming temperature, 30 degrees C; transforming time, 6 days; rotary speed, 160 rpm; pH of the medium, 5.5. HPLC analysis indicated that these three bioactive compounds were key metabolites and their structures were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR analysis. Moreover, the in vitro antitumor activities of C-K, C-Mx, and G-Mc and the in vivo antitumor activities of the transformed product mainly containing these compounds were also evaluated. Among C-K, C-Mx, and G-Mc, C-K exhibited the most potent antitumor activities. The in vivo study showed that the transformed products by F. sacchari had much more antitumor activity than those of commonly used ginsenoside Rg3 and Paclitaxel.

Inhibition of intracerebroventricular injection stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels by intracerebroventricularly administered compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, in mice.[Pubmed:12843635]

Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Jul;26(7):1035-8.

Effects of major intestinal metabolites of ginsenosides, including compound K (IH-901, 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol), compound Y (IH-902, 20-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol), and Ginsenoside MC (IH-903, 20-O-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol), on acute stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels were studied in mice. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered compound K (1 microg) attenuated the i.c.v. injection stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone level, and this inhibitory effect was not affected by co-administered N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Compound K administered intraperitoneally affected neither the i.c.v. injection stress- nor the immobilization stress-induced increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Compound K and Ginsenoside MC did not affect plasma corticosterone levels induced by the two stress modalities used in this study.

[Saponins with low sugar chain from the leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen].[Pubmed:12583159]

Zhong Yao Cai. 2002 Mar;25(3):176-8.

Six saponins with low sugar chain were isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen. Their structures were elucidated as 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2(I), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3(II), Ginsenoside MC(III), ginsenoside F1(IV), ginsenoside Rh1(V) and daucosterol(VI) by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with authentic samples. Compounds I-IV were first isolated from the plant.