J 147

J-147 is a broad spectrum neuroprotective phenyl hydrazide compound(EC50=60-115 nM) with significant neurotrophic properties related to the induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). IC50 value: 60-115 nM in vitro assay [1] Target: J-147 has been shown to promotes HT22 and primary cell survival in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 value range of 0.06 – 0.115 μM) when applied to cell exposed to the mitochondrial neurotoxin, iodoacetic acid (IAA), toxicity mediated by the excitatory amino acid glutamate, which causes HT22 cell death by an oxytosis mechanism. In the preclinical in vitro development assays, the EC50 value for J-147-induced cell survival is 25 nM. J-147 was metabolically unstable (highly metabolized) with only 12% of parent remaining after incubation with rat microsomes (phase 1 metabolism).

References:
[1]. Lapchak PA, et al. J-147 a Novel Hydrazide Lead Compound to Treat Neurodegeneration: CeeToxTM Safety and Genotoxicity Analysis. J Neurol Neurophysiol. 2013 Aug;4(3). pii: 158.

Metabolism of a potent neuroprotective hydrazide.[Pubmed:23582448]

Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 May 15;21(10):2733-41.

Using a drug discovery scheme for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is based upon multiple pathologies of old age, we identified a potent compound with efficacy in rodent memory and AD animal models. Since this compound, J147, is a phenyl hydrazide, there was concern that it can be metabolized to aromatic amines/hydrazines that are potentially carcinogenic. To explore this possibility, we examined the metabolites of J147 in human and mouse microsomes and mouse plasma. It is shown that J147 is not metabolized to aromatic amines or hydrazines, that the scaffold is exceptionally stable, and that the oxidative metabolites are also neuroprotective. It is concluded that the major metabolites of J147 may contribute to its biological activity in animals.

The neurotrophic compound J147 reverses cognitive impairment in aged Alzheimer's disease mice.[Pubmed:23673233]

Alzheimers Res Ther. 2013 May 14;5(3):25.

INTRODUCTION: Despite years of research, there are no disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal, age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Screening for potential therapeutics in rodent models of AD has generally relied on testing compounds before pathology is present, thereby modeling disease prevention rather than disease modification. Furthermore, this approach to screening does not reflect the clinical presentation of AD patients which could explain the failure to translate compounds identified as beneficial in animal models to disease modifying compounds in clinical trials. Clearly a better approach to pre-clinical drug screening for AD is required. METHODS: To more accurately reflect the clinical setting, we used an alternative screening strategy involving the treatment of AD mice at a stage in the disease when pathology is already advanced. Aged (20-month-old) transgenic AD mice (APP/swePS1DeltaE9) were fed an exceptionally potent, orally active, memory enhancing and neurotrophic molecule called J147. Cognitive behavioral assays, histology, ELISA and Western blotting were used to assay the effect of J147 on memory, amyloid metabolism and neuroprotective pathways. J147 was also investigated in a scopolamine-induced model of memory impairment in C57Bl/6J mice and compared to donepezil. Details on the pharmacology and safety of J147 are also included. RESULTS: Data presented here demonstrate that J147 has the ability to rescue cognitive deficits when administered at a late stage in the disease. The ability of J147 to improve memory in aged AD mice is correlated with its induction of the neurotrophic factors NGF (nerve growth factor) and BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) as well as several BDNF-responsive proteins which are important for learning and memory. The comparison between J147 and donepezil in the scopolamine model showed that while both compounds were comparable at rescuing short term memory, J147 was superior at rescuing spatial memory and a combination of the two worked best for contextual and cued memory. CONCLUSION: J147 is an exciting new compound that is extremely potent, safe in animal studies and orally active. J147 is a potential AD therapeutic due to its ability to provide immediate cognition benefits, and it also has the potential to halt and perhaps reverse disease progression in symptomatic animals as demonstrated in these studies.

A novel neurotrophic drug for cognitive enhancement and Alzheimer's disease.[Pubmed:22194796]

PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27865.

Currently, the major drug discovery paradigm for neurodegenerative diseases is based upon high affinity ligands for single disease-specific targets. For Alzheimer's disease (AD), the focus is the amyloid beta peptide (Ass) that mediates familial Alzheimer's disease pathology. However, given that age is the greatest risk factor for AD, we explored an alternative drug discovery scheme that is based upon efficacy in multiple cell culture models of age-associated pathologies rather than exclusively amyloid metabolism. Using this approach, we identified an exceptionally potent, orally active, neurotrophic molecule that facilitates memory in normal rodents, and prevents the loss of synaptic proteins and cognitive decline in a transgenic AD mouse model.

J-147 is an exceptionally potent, orally active, neuroprotective agent for cognitive enhancement. J-147 can readily pass the blood brain barrier (BBB). J-147 can inhibit monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) and the dopamine transporter with EC50 values of 1.88 μM and 0.649 μM, respectively. J-147 has potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

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