L-GlutamineCAS# 56-85-9 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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Chemical structure
3D structure
| Cas No. | 56-85-9 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 5961 | Appearance | White powder |
| Formula | C5H10N2O3 | M.Wt | 146.14 |
| Type of Compound | Nitrogen-containing Compounds | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Synonyms | L-Glutamic acid 5-amide | ||
| Solubility | H2O : 41.67 mg/mL (285.14 mM; Need ultrasonic) | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid | ||
| SMILES | C(CC(=O)N)C(C(=O)O)N | ||
| Standard InChIKey | ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | L-Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in gastrointestinal disorders.
Target: mGluR
Glutamine (abbreviated as Gln or Q) is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. It is not recognized as an essential amino acid, but may become conditionally essential in certain situations, including intensive athletic training or certain gastrointestinal disorders. Its side-chain is an amide formed by replacing the side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group, making it the amide of glutamic acid. Its codons are CAA and CAG. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid, with a concentration of about 500-900 μmol/L.
Glutamine is synthesized by the enzyme glutamine synthetase from glutamate and ammonia. The most relevant glutamine-producing tissue is the muscle mass, accounting for about 90% of all glutamine synthesized. Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lung and the brain. Although the liver is capable of relevant glutamine synthesis, its role in glutamine metabolism is more regulatory than producing, since the liver takes up large amounts of glutamine derived from the gut. The most eager consumers of glutamine are the cells of intestines, the kidney cells for the acid-base balance, activated immune cells, and manycancer cells. In respect to the last point mentioned, different glutamine analogues, such as DON, Azaserine or Acivicin, are tested as anticancer drugs. References: | |||||
L-Glutamine Dilution Calculator
L-Glutamine Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL | 136.8551 mL | 171.0688 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL | 27.371 mL | 34.2138 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL | 17.1069 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.1369 mL | 0.6843 mL | 1.3686 mL | 2.7371 mL | 3.4214 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0684 mL | 0.3421 mL | 0.6843 mL | 1.3686 mL | 1.7107 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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L-Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in gastrointestinal disorders.
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l-Glutamine supplementation promotes an improved energetic balance in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.[Pubmed:28345452]
Tumour Biol. 2017 Mar;39(3):1010428317695960.
We evaluated the effects of supplementation with oral L-Glutamine in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats aged 54 days were randomly divided into four groups: rats without Walker-256 tumor, that is, control rats (C group); control rats supplemented with L-Glutamine (CG group); Walker-256 tumor rats without L-Glutamine supplementation (WT group); and WT rats supplemented with L-Glutamine (WTG group). L-Glutamine was incorporated into standard food at a proportion of 2 g/100 g (2%). After 10 days of the experimental period, the jejunum and duodenum were removed and processed. Protein expression levels of key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, that is, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, plasma corticosterone, glucose, insulin, and urea levels were evaluated. The WTG group showed significantly increased plasma glucose and insulin levels ( p < 0.05); however, plasma corticosterone and urea remained unchanged. Moreover, the WTG group showed increased immunoreactive staining for jejunal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and increased expression of duodenal glucose-6-phosphatase. Furthermore, the WTG group presented with less intense cancer cachexia and slower tumor growth. These results could be attributed, at least partly, to increased intestinal gluconeogenesis and insulinemia, and better glycemia maintenance during fasting in Walker-256 tumor rats on a diet supplemented with L-Glutamine.
L-Glutamine and L-arginine protect against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection via intestinal innate immunity in mice.[Pubmed:28299479]
Amino Acids. 2017 Dec;49(12):1945-1954.
Dietary glutamine (Gln) or arginine (Arg) supplementation is beneficial for intestinal health; however, whether Gln or Arg may confer protection against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is not known. To address this, we used an ETEC-infected murine model to investigate the protective effects of Gln and Arg. Experimentally, we pre-treated mice with designed diet of Gln or Arg supplementation prior to the oral ETEC infection and then assessed mouse mortality and intestinal bacterial burden. We also determined the markers of intestinal innate immunity in treated mice, including secretory IgA response (SIgA), mucins from goblet cells, as well as antimicrobial peptides from Paneth cells. ETEC colonized in mouse small intestine, including duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and inhibited the mRNA expression of intestinal immune factors, such as polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), cryptdin-related sequence 1C (CRS1C), and Reg3gamma. We found that dietary Gln or Arg supplementation decreased bacterial colonization and promoted the activation of innate immunity (e.g., the mRNA expression of pIgR, CRS1C, and Reg3gamma) in the intestine of ETEC-infected mice. Our results suggest that dietary arginine or glutamine supplementation may inhibit intestinal ETEC infection through intestinal innate immunity.
A sensitive single-enzyme assay system using the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase BpsA for measurement of L-glutamine in biological samples.[Pubmed:28139746]
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 31;7:41745.
The ability to rapidly, economically and accurately measure L-Glutamine concentrations in biological samples is important for many areas of research, medicine or industry, however there is room for improvement on existing methods. We describe here how the enzyme BpsA, a single-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase able to convert L-Glutamine into the blue pigment indigoidine, can be used to accurately measure L-Glutamine in biological samples. Although indigoidine has low solubility in aqueous solutions, meaning direct measurements of indigoidine synthesis do not reliably yield linear standard curves, we demonstrate that resolubilisation of the reaction end-products in DMSO overcomes this issue and that spontaneous reduction to colourless leuco-indigoidine occurs too slowly to interfere with assay accuracy. Our protocol is amenable to a 96-well microtitre format and can be used to measure L-Glutamine in common bacterial and mammalian culture media, urine, and deproteinated plasma. We show that active BpsA can be prepared in high yield by expressing it in the apo-form to avoid the toxicity of indigoidine to Escherichia coli host cells, then activating it to the holo-form in cell lysates prior to purification; and that BpsA has a lengthy shelf-life, retaining >95% activity when stored at either -20 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 24 weeks.
Evaluating the behavior, growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets after simulated transport and heat stress when antibiotics are eliminated from the diet or replaced with L-glutamine.[Pubmed:28177383]
J Anim Sci. 2017 Jan;95(1):91-102.
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of post-weaning transport during heat stress (HS) and thermoneutral (TN) conditions when dietary antibiotics are removed or replaced with a nutraceutical. Sixty mixed sex piglets from 10 sows ( = 6 piglets/sow) were weaned (18.8 +/- 0.8 d of age) and then herded up ramps into 1 of 2 simulated transport trailers in either TN (28.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C) or HS (cyclical 32 to 37 degrees C) conditions where they remained for 12 h. During the 12 h of simulated transport, fans were used to simulate air movement through the trailer, feed and water were withheld, and rectal temperature (T) was measured hourly. Following the 12 h simulated transport, piglets were unloaded from the trailer, weighed, and then housed individually in TN conditions [28.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C; 29.1 +/- 0.1% relative humidity (RH)] and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments balanced by weaning weight, sex, sow, and transport environment. Treatments were dietary antibiotics [A; = 20 piglets; 5.5 +/- 0.2 kg BW; chlortetracycline (400 g/ton) + tiamulin (35 g/ton)], no dietary antibiotics (NA; = 20 piglets; 5.6 +/- 0.2 kg BW), or 0.20% L-Glutamine (GLU; = 20 piglets; 5.6 +/- 0.2 kg BW) fed for 14 d. During the diet treatment period, feed intake (FI), BW, and behaviors were monitored daily. At the conclusion of the diet treatment period, all piglets were euthanized and intestinal samples were collected for histology. The T and post-transport BW loss were increased in HS (40.7 degrees C and 0.43 kg, respectively) compared to TN-exposed (39.2 degrees C and 0.27 kg, respectively) piglets during simulated transport. Throughout the 14 d dietary treatment phase, FI was greater overall ( < 0.01; 60.3%) in GLU compared to A and NA pigs, and tended to be greater (37.7%) in A compared to NA pigs. BW was greater overall ( < 0.01; 8.7%) in GLU and A compared to NA pigs, but no differences were detected between A and GLU pigs. Lying behavior was greater ( = 0.05; 11.7%) in NA compared to A and GLU piglets in the first 2 d following simulated transport. The villus height to crypt depth ratio was greater ( < 0.05) in the duodenum (12.1%) and jejunum (12.8%) for A and GLU compared to NA pigs, and greater in the ileum (15.6%) for GLU compared to A and NA pigs. In summary, withholding dietary antibiotics after weaning and transport can negatively affect piglet productivity and measures of intestinal morphology compared to dietary antibiotic administration and L-Glutamine provision.
