NSC 632839 hydrochloride

NSC 632839 is a nonselective inhibitor of isopeptidases with IC50 values of 45 μM, 37μM, and 9.8μM, respectively for USP2, USP7, and SENP2 [1].

NSC 632839 is reported to have activity against the purified isopeptidases. It inhibits not only DUB (USP2, USP7) but also deSUMOylase (SENP2). It is also shown to inhibit cleavage of an Ub mimetic (z-LRGG-AMC) by transformed fibroblast lysates. However, NSC 632839 has no inhibition to the reporter enzyme PLA2, suggesting the inhibition is selective for isopeptidases [1].

NSC 632839 prevents removal of ubiquitin chains from polyubiquitinated proteins, inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation. It activates apoptosis in an apoptosome-independent manner [2, 3].

References:
[1] Nicholson B, Leach CA, Goldenberg SJ, Francis DM, Kodrasov MP, Tian X, Shanks J, Sterner DE, Bernal A, Mattern MR, Wilkinson KD, Butt TR. Characterization of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like-protein isopeptidase activities. Protein Sci. 2008 Jun;17(6):1035-43.
[2] Gupta-Saraf P, Miller CL. HIF-1α downregulation and apoptosis in hypoxic prostate tumor cells infected with oncolytic mammalian orthoreovirus. Oncotarget. 2014 Jan 30;5(2):561-74.
[3] Eldridge AG, O'Brien T. Therapeutic strategies within the ubiquitin proteasome system. Cell Death Differ. 2010 Jan;17(1):4-13.

Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (NSC-310739) in lymphoma. A Southwest Oncology Group study.[Pubmed:6678857]

Invest New Drugs. 1983;1(1):65-70.

The members of the Southwest Oncology Group have treated thirteen patients with Hodgkin's disease and thirty-seven with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with mitoxantrone on the every three week schedule. While the result (3/13 responses in Hodgkin's; 9/37 responses in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) is not striking, there is a definite antitumor activity in a very heavily pretreated group of patients. Toxicity was acceptable. Additional trials in lymphoma are planned using mitoxantrone in combination with BCNU.

Phase I-II study of pibenzimol hydrochloride (NSC 322921) in advanced pancreatic carcinoma.[Pubmed:1709152]

Invest New Drugs. 1991 Feb;9(1):53-7.

Pibenzimol is a fluorescent molecule known to bind to double stranded DNA. It also induces prolongation of the G2 phase of the cell cycle, inhibition of DNA replication and cessation of the growth of some cells in late S phase after DNA content has been doubled. It has been shown to increase the life span of mice bearing intraperitoneally implanted L1210 and P388 leukemia. These factors coupled with the affinity of pibenzimol for pancreatic tissue led us to conduct a phase I-II trial of pibenzimol hydrochloride in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Twenty-six patients were treated with a five day continuous infusion of pibenzimol at a dose ranging from 6-28 mg/m2/d. There were no treatment related deaths. Major toxicity was hyperglycemia which was self-limited. No objective responses were noted.

Investigational new drug-directed, 5-day repeat dose toxicity study of 4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1, NSC 709257) administered with or without Taxol in Sprague-Dawley rats.[Pubmed:20074267]

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010 Jun;106(6):497-504.

In pre-clinical studies, 4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1, NSC 709257) is a weak DNA-intercalating, hypoxia-selective cytotoxin with a promising profile as an adjuvant to radio/chemotherapy and it is about to enter phase I clinical trials. The present investigation was undertaken to further evaluate potential systemic toxicity induced by i.v. doses of NLCQ-1 alone or in combination with Taxol in Sprague-Dawley rats, in support of an investigational new drug application. Doses of NLCQ-1 were based on previous range-finding studies. In the present study, NLCQ-1 was administered either alone, at 0, 6, 9 or 12 mg/kg/dose to male rats and 8, 12 or 16 mg/kg/dose to female rats or, at 9 (male rats) and 12 (female rats) mg/kg/dose, in combination with Taxol, on a qd x 5 schedule. Taxol was administered i.v. at 3.5 mg/kg/dose 1 hr before NLCQ-1. Observations were recorded for mortality/moribundity, clinical signs of toxicity, body weights, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry, gross lesions at necropsy and histopathology. Blood samples were taken from 10 animals from each dose group on each of 2 days (days 8 and prior to scheduled necropsy on day 33). Administration of i.v. doses of NLCQ-1 alone, on a qdx5 schedule, resulted in no signs of toxicity over the 33-day study. Taxol-induced toxicity included minimal decreases in the group mean RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit values, minimal increases in group mean reticulocyte counts (females), marked decreases in group mean neutrophil counts and minimal decreases in group mean monocyte and eosinophil counts. Lymphoid atrophy of thymus, atrophy of bone marrow and atrophy of the germinal epithelium of the testis were also associated with the administration of Taxol. There was no additional toxicity associated with the co-administration of NLCQ-1 and Taxol. In the present study, the 'no observable adverse effect level' for NLCQ-1, when administered on a qdx5 schedule, was >12 and >16 mg/kg/dose in male and female rats respectively. Daily administration of 9 (male rats) or 12 (female rats) mg/kg of NLCQ-1 1 hr after i.v. administration of Taxol (3.5 mg/kg) had no effect on Taxol-induced toxicity.

Investigational new drug-directed toxicology and pharmacokinetic study of 4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1, NSC 709257) in Beagle dogs.[Pubmed:20074266]

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010 Jun;106(6):511-22.

4-[3-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride (NLCQ-1), a 2-nitroimidazole-based hypoxia-selective cytotoxin has been shown to target hypoxic regions of solid tumours. The present study is one of several pre-clinical toxicology studies conducted in support of an 'investigational new drug' (IND) application to test this agent as an adjuvant to radio/chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer in humans. Twenty-four dogs were each assigned to one vehicle control group or to one of three test article-treated groups (three dogs/sex/treatment group). Intravenous (i.v.) doses of 0, 2.74, 5.48 and 10.95 mg/kg/day (54.8, 109.6 or 219 mg/m(2)/day) were administered on a per day x 5 days (qd x 5) schedule. NLCQ-1 was formulated as a solution in sterile saline at 1.5 mg/ml. None of the dogs died during this 33-day study. With few exceptions, most of the clinical signs of toxicity were noted within 2 hr following dosing in the 10.95 mg/kg/day dose group. These observations included aggressive behaviour, ataxia, tachypnea, emesis, hypoactivity, excessive salivation, tremors, and involuntary urination and defecation. Aggressive behaviour was judged to be dose-limiting. No clinical signs of toxicity were noted during the 28-day observation period that followed the 5-day dose period. Findings in a functional observation battery examination were consistent with the clinical observations. No drug-related effects were noted on the body weight or food consumption values, and no drug-related changes were noted during ocular examinations made on these animals prior to scheduled necropsy or during examination of electrocardiogram recordings made at 15 min. and 2 hr after dosing on days 1 and 5. No definitive changes in haematology, clinical chemistry or coagulation values were noted in dogs treated with NLCQ-1. NLCQ-1 was detected in the plasma of treated dogs on days 1 and 5, up to 60 min. after dosing (2.74 and 5.48 mg/kg/day) and up to 8 hr after dosing (10.95 mg/kg/day). There was a dose-related increase in maximum plasma concentration of NLCQ-1 at 5 min. after dosing; comparable concentrations were noted on days 1 and 5. No definitive test article-related lesions were noted during microscopic evaluation of tissues from dogs in this study, although lesions noted at the injection site and in the vascular tissue, lungs, thymus, prostate gland, muscle, adrenal cortex and tongue may have resulted from treatment with this drug. Any drug-related toxicity noted was readily reversible and not cumulative. No sex difference was detected in the susceptibility to NLCQ-1-induced toxicity.

Identification of new compounds that trigger apoptosome-independent caspase activation and apoptosis.[Pubmed:16982768]

Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 15;66(18):9235-44.

Identification of alternative pathways of caspase activation is an important step to develop new antitumor treatments. We report here the result of a screening with a small chemical library, the Developmental Therapeutics Program-National Cancer Institute "challenge set," on cells expressing mutated caspase-9. We have identified two molecules capable of activating an apoptosome-independent apoptotic pathway. These compounds, named F6 and G5, target the ubiquitin-proteasome system by inhibiting the ubiquitin isopeptidases. We have shown that F6 and G5 induce a rather unique apoptotic pathway, which includes a Bcl-2-dependent but apoptosome-independent mitochondrial pathway with up-regulation of the BH3-only protein Noxa, stabilization of the inhibitor of apoptosis antagonist Smac, but also the involvement of the death receptor pathway. Noxa plays an important role in the induction of mitochondrial fragmentation and caspase activation, whereas the death receptor pathway becomes critical in the absence of a functional apoptosome. This study suggests that screening of chemical libraries on cancer cells with defined mutations in apoptotic key elements can lead to the identification of compounds that are useful to characterize alternative pathways of caspase activation.

NSC632839 is a nonselective isopeptidase inhibitor, which inhibits USP2, USP7, and SENP2 with EC50s of 45±4 μM, 37±1 μM, and 9.8±1.8 μM, respectively.

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