Nitrendipine

Nitrendipine is a calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action.Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of primary hypertension to decrease blood pressure. Nitrendipine blocked Ca2+ currents very pot

Cost-effectiveness of nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide or metoprolol to treat hypertension in rural community health centers in China.[Pubmed:27977472]

J Hypertens. 2017 Apr;35(4):886-892.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to compare blood pressure (BP)-lowing effects of Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide and Nitrendipine and metoprolol, and estimate the economic effect of these therapies on hypertension. METHODS: Outpatients (N = 793) 18-70 years of age with stage 2 or severe hypertension (SBP >/= 160 mmHg and/or DBP >/= 100 mmHg) were recruited from four randomly selected rural community health centers in Beijing and Jilin. After drug wash out, they were randomly divided into Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide group or Nitrendipine and metoprolol group. The costs of drug treatment for hypertension were calculated and general estimation, whereas effectiveness was measured as a reduction in SBP and DBP at the end of a 24-week study period. RESULTS: Overall, 623 patients were eligible for the study and after a 24-week follow-up, SBP and DBP were 131.2/82.2 mmHg for the Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide group and 131.4/82.9 mmHg for the Nitrendipine and metoprolol group and these were not significantly different (P = 0.7974 SBP and P = 0.1166 DBP). Comparing with Nitrendipine and metoprolol, the cost of Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide was less, and its effectiveness was similar. The cost/effect ratio (US$/mmHg) was 1.4 for SBP and 2.8 for DBP for the Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide group, and 1.9 and 3.8 for the Nitrendipine and metoprolol group's SBP and DBP values, respectively. The incremental cost per patient for achieving target BP was 5.1. Adverse events were mild or moderate and there were no differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Treating hypertension with Nitrendipine and hydrochlorothiazide was cost-effective than Nitrendipine and metoprolol, and these data will allow more reasonable and efficient allocation of limited resources in low-income countries.

Nanovesicles of nitrendipine with lipid complex for transdermal delivery: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.[Pubmed:26375758]

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016 Nov;44(7):1684-93.

CONTEXT: Vesicular transdermal delivery can enhance the bioavailability of a drug especially affected by first-pass metabolism, e.g. Nitrendipine. However effective transdermal delivery employs permeation enhancer, e.g oleic acid (OA) with ceramide 2, stearic acid, behenic acid, and cholesteryl sulfate lipid complex. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the preparation, characterization of physicochemical properties, ex vivo permeation using human skin, pharmacokinetic parameters and antihypertensive potential in rats, of Nitrendipine-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide 2, stearic acid, behenic acid and cholesteryl sulfate containing oleic acid gel (NOVG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nanovesicles were made using film hydration method and characterized for physicochemical properties, ex vivo permeation using human skin, pharmacokinetic parameters and antihypertensive potential. RESULTS: Nitrendipine-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide-2 containing oleic acid (NOV-5) have shown fluxes in the range of 4.88-24.72 mug/cm(2)/h Nitrendipine oral suspension (NOS) at equal dose. NOVG-5 has shown almost 33% reduction in blood pressure in the first hour and a further decrease of 25% in the second hour to restore the normal pressure. DISCUSSION: The permeation increases with increase in OA content. OA gets integrated in vesicle wall and enhances its permeability, whereas ceramide content makes sure that skin does not become damaged even after permeation. CONCLUSION: NOVG-5 has shown the most favorable physicochemical properties and good permeation through skin providing good management of hypertension during crucial initial hours.

Solubility and Thermodynamic Analysis of Antihypertensive Agent Nitrendipine in Different Pure Solvents at the Temperature Range of 298.15 to 318.15 degrees K.[Pubmed:28321695]

AAPS PharmSciTech. 2017 Oct;18(7):2737-2743.

The aim of the present study was to ascertain the solubility of Nitrendipine (NP), an antihypertensive drug in six different pure solvents such as water, ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), and Transcutol at temperature from 298.15 to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure (p) of 0.1 MPa. Experimental solubility data of NP was fitted with Apelblat and ideal models. The mole fraction solubility of NP was found maximum in PEG-400 (6.85 x 10(-2) at 318.15 K) followed by Transcutol (4.65 x 10(-2) at 318.15 K), EA (1.68 x 10(-2) at 318.15 K), ethanol (2.83 x 10(-3) at 318.15 K), IPA (2.69 x 10(-3) at 318.15 K), and water (1.29 x 10(-7) at 318.15 K). The dissolution activity of NP was observed as an endothermic, spontaneous, and an entropy-driven in most of studied pure solvents. The solubility data of NP obtained in the present study could be useful in purification, recrystallization, and dosage forms design of NP.

Chemical modulators of autophagy as biological probes and potential therapeutics.[Pubmed:21164513]

Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Jan;7(1):9-17.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein degradation that is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis in man. Autophagy has unexpected pleiotropic functions that favor survival of the cell, including nutrient supply under starvation, cleaning of the cellular interior, defense against infection and antigen presentation. Moreover, defective autophagy is associated with a diverse range of disease states, including neurodegeneration, cancer and Crohn's disease. Here we discuss the roles of mammalian autophagy in health and disease and highlight recent advances in pharmacological manipulation of autophagic pathways as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of pathological conditions.

Characterization of a voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel from rabbit and turtle brain.[Pubmed:8726959]

Neurochem Res. 1996 May;21(5):537-40.

The binding of [3H]Nitrendipine to membrane preparation from turtle and rabbit brain was studied. A single population of [3H]Nitrendipine binding sites was detected in both species. [3H]Nitrendipine bound with high affinity to brain membrane from both rabbit and turtle, revealing a significant population of binding sites (K(D) values of 0.55 +/- 0.05 nM and 0.56 +/- 0.04 nM and Bmax values of 122 +/- 11 and 275 +/- 18 fmol/mg of protein, respectively). Displacement studies showed a similar order of potency of various unlabeled ligands against [3H]Nitrendipine both in rabbit or in turtle: Nitrendipine > nifedipine >or= nicardipine >> verapamil >or= diltiazem. Our results show that a two fold increment of [3H]Nitrendipine binding sites exists in the turtle brain respect to the rabbit.

L-type Ca channel block by highly hydrophilic dihydropyridines in single ventricular cells of guinea-pig hearts.[Pubmed:8531209]

J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Jun;27(6):1271-9.

Blocking of L-type Ca channels by highly hydrophilic dihydropyridines, NKY-722 and KV-1360, was investigated in single ventricular cells of guinea-pig hearts using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique. At a holding potential of -30 mV, NKY-722 (1-100 nM) decreased the amplitude of the L-type Ca channel current (ICa) in a concentration-dependent manner. NKY-722 did not change the time constants of the decay of ICa. In the presence of NKY-722 (1 microM), the steady-state inactivation curve was shifted toward a more negative potential (by -33.0 +/- 2.0 mV) without changing its slope factor. The use-dependent block was elicited at a pulse frequency of 3.3 Hz or more. Even after washing out the drug at -80 mV for 20 min, ICa inhibited by NKY-722 (100 nM) at -30 mV was scarcely recovered when the membrane potential was clamped back to -30 mV. A permanently charged compound KV-1360 (0.1-1 microM), a quaternary amine derivative of NKY-722, hardly affected ICa by intracellular and extracellular application. These results suggest that, in spite of the high degree of ionization (91% in the charged form at pH 7.4), the mode of the L-type Ca channel block by NKY-722 is quite similar to that by lipophilic dihydropyridines. Consequently, the neutral form of NKY-722 is the active compound and this reaches the dihydropyridine receptor by "membranous approach".