Nuciferine

The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera

Nuciferine stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells-an in vitro comparison with glibenclamide.[Pubmed:22633982]

J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jul 13;142(2):488-95.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several Asian plants are known for their anti-diabetic properties and produce alkaloids and flavonoids that may stimulate insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Vietnamese plants (Nelumbo nucifera, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Smilax glabra, and Stemona tuberosa), we extracted two alkaloids (neotuberostemonine, Nuciferine) and four flavonoids (astilbin, engeletin, smitilbin, and 3,5,3'-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone), and studied their insulin stimulatory effects. RESULTS: Nuciferine, extracted from Nelumbo nucifera, stimulated both phases of insulin secretion in isolated islets, whereas the other compounds had no effect. The effect of Nuciferine was totally abolished by diazoxide and nimodipine, and diminished by protein kinase A and protein kinase C inhibition. Nuciferine and potassium had additive effects on insulin secretion. Nuciferine also stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E cells at both 3.3 and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations. Compared with glibenclamide, Nuciferine had a stronger effect on insulin secretion and less beta-cell toxicity. However, Nuciferine did not compete with glibenclamide for binding to the sulfonylurea receptor. CONCLUSIONS: Among several compounds extracted from anti-diabetic plants, Nuciferine was found to stimulate insulin secretion by closing potassium-adenosine triphosphate channels, explaining anti-diabetic effects of Nelumbo nucifera.

Nuciferine, extracted from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, inhibits tumor-promoting effect of nicotine involving Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in non-small cell lung cancer.[Pubmed:25698245]

J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 May 13;165:83-93.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as "Ben Cao Gang Mu", a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Recently, Nuciferine (NF), one of N. nucifera Gaertn leaf extracts has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including anti-viral and anti-cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of NF in NSCLC progression induced by nicotine MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of NF on proliferation of A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line) pretreated with or without nicotine was detected by tumor cell proliferation assay. TOP-Flash reporter assay was applied to investigate the activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in tumor cells in the presence of NF and/or nicotine. Apoptosis was measured using a FITC-Annexin V and PI detection kit by flow cytometry. In addition, mRNA or protein expression levels were respectively tested by quantitative RT-PCR or western blot. In vivo experiments, tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for additional analyses by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining. RESULTS: NF significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in the presence of nicotine, suppressed the activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, enhanced the stabilization of Axin, and induced apoptosis. NF down-regulated the expression levels of beta-catenin and its downstream targets including c-myc, cyclin D and VEGF-A. NF also decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, which may explain the pro-apoptosis effect of NF. In tumor xenograft nude mice, NF not only inhibited the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but also remarkably alleviated the injury induced by nicotine in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: NF has the remarkable effect to inhibit nicotine-induced NSCLC progression, which was due to its ability to reduce the activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Thus, the work stated here emphasizes the importance of this traditional medicine and presents a potential novel alternative to NSCLC prevention and therapy.

Nuciferine prevents hepatic steatosis and injury induced by a high-fat diet in hamsters.[Pubmed:23691094]

PLoS One. 2013 May 15;8(5):e63770.

BACKGROUND: Nuciferine is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. nucifera Gaertn that possesses anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypotensive, anti-arrhythmic, and insulin secretagogue activities. However, it is currently unknown whether Nuciferine can benefit hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the current study, male golden hamsters were randomly divided into four groups fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with Nuciferine (10 and 15 mg/kg.BW/day). After 8 weeks of intervention, HFD-induced increases in liver and visceral adipose tissue weight, dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and mild necroinflammation in hamsters were analyzed. Nuciferine supplementation protected against HFD-induced changes, alleviated necroinflammation, and reversed serum markers of metabolic syndrome in hamsters fed a HFD. RT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that hamsters fed a HFD had up-regulated levels of genes related to lipogenesis, increased free fatty acid infiltration, and down-regulated genes involved in lipolysis and very low density lipoprotein secretion. In addition, gene expression of cytochrome P4502E1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were also increased in the HFD group. Nuciferine supplementation clearly suppressed HFD-induced alterations in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Nuciferine supplementation ameliorated HFD-induced dyslipidemia as well as liver steatosis and injury. The beneficial effects of Nuciferine were associated with altered expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism.

Nuciferine restores potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and kidney inflammation in mice.[Pubmed:25499818]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan 15;747:59-70.

Nuciferine, a major aporphine alkaloid of the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, was found to decrease serum urate levels and improved kidney function, as well as inhibited system and renal interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) secretion in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. Furthermore, Nuciferine reversed expression alteration of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, membrane 2 (ABCG2), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), and organic cation/carnitine transporters 1/2 (OCTN1/2) in hyperuricemic mice. More importantly, Nuciferine suppressed renal activation of Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/NF-kappaB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB) signaling and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to reduce serum and renal IL-1beta levels in hyperuricemic mice with renal inflammation reduction. The anti-inflammatroy effect of Nuciferine was also confirmed in human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) incubated with 4mg/dl uric acid for 24h. This study firstly reported the anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects of Nuciferine by regulating renal organic ion transporters and inflammatory signaling in hyperuricemia. These results suggest that a dietary supplement of Nuciferine rich in lotus leaf may be potential for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia with kidney inflammation.

A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats.[Pubmed:24854711]

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 Jun 15;961:20-8.

Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. However, few investigations have been conducted about the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Nuciferine to better understand its behavior and action mechanism in vivo. Thus, a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established and validated for the quantification of Nuciferine in rat plasma and tissue samples. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of Nuciferine in rats. One-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that Nuciferine had rapid distribution, extensive tissue uptake, and poor absorption into systemic circulation. The values of absolute bioavailability were (3.8+/-1.4)%, (4.2+/-1.3)% and (3.9+/-1.0)% after oral administration of 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0mg/kg Nuciferine and intravenous administration of 0.2mg/kg Nuciferine in rats. The results of the tissue distribution study suggested that Nuciferine was distributed into the brain, liver and adipose tissue after intravenous administration. In conclusion, the present study may provide a material basis for study of the pharmacological action of Nuciferine in the treatment of obesity, and meaningful insights into further study on dosage modification.

Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.[Pubmed:25409881]

Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Dec;172(23):5609-18.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nuciferine, a constituent of lotus leaf, is an aromatic ring-containing alkaloid, with antioxidative properties. We hypothesize Nuciferine might affect vascular reactivity. This study aimed at determining the effects of Nuciferine on vasomotor tone and the underlying mechanism EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Nuciferine-induced relaxations in rings of rat main mesenteric arteries were measured by wire myographs. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) was determined by immunoblotting. Intracellular NO production in HUVECs and Ca(2+) level in both HUVECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat mesenteric arteries were assessed by fluorescence imaging. KEY RESULTS: Nuciferine induced relaxations in arterial segments pre-contracted by KCl or phenylephrine. Nuciferine-elicited arterial relaxations were reduced by removal of endothelium or by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME or the NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ. In HUVECs, the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1177) and increase in cytosolic NO level induced by Nuciferine were mediated by extracellular Ca(2+) influx. Under endothelium-free conditions, Nuciferine attenuated CaCl2-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free depolarizing medium. In the absence of extracellular calcium, Nuciferine relieved the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the addition of CaCl2. Nuciferine also suppressed Ca(2+) influx in Ca(2+)-free K(+)-containing solution in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These results suggest that Nuciferine may have a therapeutic effect on vascular diseases associated with aberrant vasoconstriction.

Nuciferine is an antagonist at 5-HT2A (IC50=478 nM), 5-HT2C (IC50=131 nM), and 5-HT2B (IC50=1 μM), an inverse agonist at 5-HT7 (IC50=150 nM), a partial agonist at D2 (EC50=64 nM), D5 (EC50=2.6 μM) and 5-HT6 (EC50=700 nM), an agonist at 5-HT1A (EC50=3.2 μM) and D4 (EC50=2 μM) receptor.

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