Monomethyl auristatin EAntimitotic agent CAS# 474645-27-7 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
3D structure
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| Cas No. | 474645-27-7 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 11542188 | Appearance | Powder |
| Formula | C39H67N5O7 | M.Wt | 717.98 |
| Type of Compound | N/A | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Synonyms | Vedotin; MMAE | ||
| Solubility | Ethanol : 50 mg/mL (69.64 mM; Need ultrasonic) DMSO : ≥ 48 mg/mL (66.85 mM) *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. | ||
| Chemical Name | (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[[(3R,4S,5S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-methylamino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanamide | ||
| SMILES | CCC(C)C(C(CC(=O)N1CCCC1C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)OC)OC)N(C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC | ||
| Standard InChIKey | DASWEROEPLKSEI-UIJRFTGLSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C39H67N5O7/c1-13-25(6)34(43(10)39(49)33(24(4)5)42-38(48)32(40-9)23(2)3)30(50-11)22-31(45)44-21-17-20-29(44)36(51-12)26(7)37(47)41-27(8)35(46)28-18-15-14-16-19-28/h14-16,18-19,23-27,29-30,32-36,40,46H,13,17,20-22H2,1-12H3,(H,41,47)(H,42,48)/t25-,26+,27+,29-,30+,32-,33-,34-,35+,36+/m0/s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | Potent, synthetic, cytotoxic analog of dolastatin 10. Suppresses tumor cell viability in vitro (GIC50 values are 0.22, 0.49 and 0.54 nM in BT474, MDA-MB-361-DYT2 and N87 cells, respectively). MMAE derivatives have been shown to induce regression of established tumor xenografts when conjugated to tumor targeting antibodies via a protease-cleavable linker. | |||||
Monomethyl auristatin E Dilution Calculator
Monomethyl auristatin E Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3928 mL | 6.964 mL | 13.928 mL | 27.8559 mL | 34.8199 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2786 mL | 1.3928 mL | 2.7856 mL | 5.5712 mL | 6.964 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1393 mL | 0.6964 mL | 1.3928 mL | 2.7856 mL | 3.482 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0279 mL | 0.1393 mL | 0.2786 mL | 0.5571 mL | 0.6964 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0139 mL | 0.0696 mL | 0.1393 mL | 0.2786 mL | 0.3482 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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IC50: less than 1 nM for various cancer cell lines
Monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE) is a potent antimitotic agent by blocking the polymerisation of tubulin.
Microtubules play essential role in the function of the cell. Microtubules are also reported to be involved in migration, transport and reorganization and have numerous dynamic roles including movement through motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin and the separation and segregation ofchromosomes during cell division.
In vitro: The cytotoxic effects of the MMAE conjugates on H3396 cells were determined using both pulsed and long-term drug exposure assays. It was found that under both exposure conditions, high degrees of immunological specificity were obtained with the Val-Cit conjugates. cBR96-Val-Cit-MMAE was highly active at <1>
In vivo: In vivo therapy tests were undertaken in athymic mice with subcutaneous L2987 human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. MMAE conjugates were administered at 3 mg mAb component/kg/dose. All of the tested MMAE conjugates were highly efficacious, leading to long-term regressions of established tumors, whereas the nonbinding control conjugates had no effect on tumor growth. In addition, there were no apparent toxicities associated with conjugate treatment [1].
Clinical trial: In a ongoing Phase I study with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients, nonlinear PK of MMAE conjugate had been observed in the dose range of 0.3 to 3.2 mg/kg. Circulating CA125 results suggested no impact on the PK at 2.4 mg/kg, which was the potential clinically relevant dose. Systemic free MMAE concentration was low and consistent with other MMAE containing ADCs [2].
References:
[1] Doronina SO,Toki BE,Torgov MY,Mendelsohn BA,Cerveny CG,Chace DF,DeBlanc RL,Gearing RP,Bovee TD,Siegall CB,Francisco JA,Wahl AF,Meyer DL,Senter PD. Development of potent monoclonal antibody auristatin conjugates for cancer therapy. Nat Biotechnol.2003 Jul;21(7):778-84.
[2] Jian Xu*, Priya Agarwal, Ola Saad, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Anti-MUC16 Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), DMUC5754A, in Patients with Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Results from Phase I study. This poster was presented at World ADC Summit 2014.
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Monomethyl Auristatin E Phosphate Inhibits Human Prostate Cancer Growth.[Pubmed:27325602]
Prostate. 2016 Nov;76(15):1420-30.
BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis from primary prostate cancer leads to markedly diminished quality of life with poor long-term survival. Bone seeking treatment options are limited with adverse consequences on rapidly proliferating tissues such as bone marrow. In the present study, we seek to determine the bone-enriching capabilities of Monomethyl auristatin E phosphate (MMAEp), a derivative of the potent antimitotic Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). METHODS: The in vitro actions and mechanisms of cytotoxicity were assessed using cell viability, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. In vivo efficacy was determined using an intratibial xenograft mouse model of human prostate cancer and live animal imaging. RESULTS: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MMAE and MMAEp was determined to be approximately 2 and 48 nM, respectively, in PC-3 and C4-2B cell lines. MMAEp retained the mechanism of action of MMAE in reducing microtubule polymerization and stalling cell cycle progression at the G2/M transition. MMAEp was able to bind hydroxyapatite in in vitro assays. MMAEp significantly reduced intratibial tumor growth compared to the vehicle control treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MMAEp is an antimitotic compound that binds to calcium ions in the bone and inhibits prostate tumor growth in the bone. Prostate 76:1420-1430, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non-internalizing antibody-drug conjugates display potent anti-cancer activity upon proteolytic release of monomethyl auristatin E in the subendothelial extracellular matrix.[Pubmed:27943268]
Int J Cancer. 2017 Apr 1;140(7):1670-1679.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising class of biopharmaceuticals with the potential to localize at the tumor site and improve the therapeutic index of cytotoxic drugs. While it is generally believed that ADCs need to be internalized into tumor cells in order to display optimal therapeutic activity, it has recently been shown that non-internalizing antibodies can efficiently liberate disulfide-linked drugs at the extracellular tumor site, leading to potent anti-cancer activity in preclinical animal models. Here, we show that engineered variants of the F16 antibody, specific to a splice isoform of tenascin-C, selectively localize to the subendothelial tumor extracellular matrix in three mouse models of human cancer (U87, A431, MDA-MB-231). A site-specific coupling of F16 in IgG format with a Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) derivative, featuring a valine-citrulline dipeptide linker equipped with a self-immolative spacer, yielded an ADC product, which cured tumor-bearing mice at a dose of 7 mg/Kg. The observation of an efficient extracellular proteolytic cleavage of the valine-citrulline linker was surprising, as it has generally been assumed that this peptidic structure would be selectively cleaved by cathepsin B in intracellular compartments. The products described in this article may be useful for the treatment of human malignancies, as their cognate antigen is strongly expressed in the majority of human solid tumors, lymphomas and aggressive leukemias, while being virtually undetectable in most normal adult tissues.
An anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E is highly effective in HER2-positive human gastric cancer.[Pubmed:26853765]
Cancer Biol Ther. 2016 Apr 2;17(4):346-54.
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a novel class of therapeutics for cancer target therapy. This study assessed antitumor activity of ADC with an antimitotic agent, Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and a humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody, hertuzumab, in gastric cancer. The efficacy of hertuzumab-MC-Val-Cit-PAB-MMAE (hertuzumab-vcMMAE) on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive human gastric cancer cells, NCI-N87, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity of hertuzumab was significantly enhanced after conjugation with MMAE. Compared to trastuzumab, hertuzumab had a higher affinity to HER2 and had more potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro. After conjugation with MMAE, the binding specificity for HER2 was not affected. Furthermore, the internalization of hertuzumab-vcMMAE in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells was verified. Although the conjugation of hertuzumab and MMAE decreased the ADCC effect, the overall cytotoxicity was dramatically increased in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells. In vitro data on this hertuzumab-vcMMAE has exerted much stronger antitumor activity compared to trastuzumab-DM1 in HER2 positive gastric cancer cells. A single administration of hertuzumab-vcMMAE at 5 or 10 mg/kg showed high potency and a sustained tumor inhibitory effect on NCI-N87 xenografts in mice. In conclusion, hertuzumab-vcMMAE conjugate is a highly effective anti-HER2 targeted therapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer.
Discovery of cytotoxic dolastatin 10 analogues with N-terminal modifications.[Pubmed:25431858]
J Med Chem. 2014 Dec 26;57(24):10527-43.
Auristatins, synthetic analogues of the antineoplastic natural product Dolastatin 10, are ultrapotent cytotoxic microtubule inhibitors that are clinically used as payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The design and synthesis of several new auristatin analogues with N-terminal modifications that include amino acids with alpha,alpha-disubstituted carbon atoms are described, including the discovery of our lead auristatin, PF-06380101. This modification of the peptide structure is unprecedented and led to analogues with excellent potencies in tumor cell proliferation assays and differential ADME properties when compared to other synthetic auristatin analogues that are used in the preparation of ADCs. In addition, auristatin cocrystal structures with tubulin are being presented that allow for the detailed examination of their binding modes. A surprising finding is that all analyzed analogues have a cis-configuration at the Val-Dil amide bond in their functionally relevant tubulin bound state, whereas in solution this bond is exclusively in the trans-configuration. This remarkable observation shines light onto the preferred binding mode of auristatins and serves as a valuable tool for structure-based drug design.
