Ruscogenin

CAS# 472-11-7

Ruscogenin

2D Structure

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Ruscogenin

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Chemical Properties of Ruscogenin

Cas No. 472-11-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 441893 Appearance White powder
Formula C27H42O4 M.Wt 430.63
Type of Compound Steroids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 125 mg/mL (290.28 mM; Need ultrasonic)
SMILES CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(C(CC(C6)O)O)C)C)C)OC1
Standard InChIKey QMQIQBOGXYYATH-IDABPMKMSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C27H42O4/c1-15-7-10-27(30-14-15)16(2)24-22(31-27)13-21-19-6-5-17-11-18(28)12-23(29)26(17,4)20(19)8-9-25(21,24)3/h5,15-16,18-24,28-29H,6-14H2,1-4H3/t15-,16+,18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Ruscogenin

1 Ruscus sp. 2 Tribulus sp.

Biological Activity of Ruscogenin

DescriptionRuscogenin exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.Ruscogenin significantly attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI )via inhibiting expressions of TF and iNOS and NF-κB p65 activation, it inhibits activation of neutrophil through cPLA 2 , PAK, Akt, MAPKs, cAMP, and PKA signaling pathways.
TargetsPGE | TNF-α | NF-kB | p65 | NO | NOS | COX | ERK | JNK | Akt | p38MAPK | PKA | cAMP | IL Receptor
In vivo

Possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ruscogenin: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB.[Pubmed: 18946195]

J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Oct;108(2):198-205.

Ruscogenin (RUS), first isolated from Ruscus aculeatus, also a major steroidal sapogenin of traditional Chinese herb Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Our previous studies suggested that Ruscogenin remarkably inhibited adhesion of leukocytes to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) injured by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a concentration-dependent manner. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the in vivo effects of Ruscogenin on leukocyte migration and celiac prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) level induced by zymosan A were studied in mice. Furthermore, the effects of Ruscogenin on TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation were also investigated under consideration of their key roles in leukocyte recruitment. The results showed that Ruscogenin significantly suppressed zymosan A-evoked peritoneal total leukocyte migration in mice in a dose-dependent manner, while it had no obvious effect on PGE(2) content in peritoneal exudant. Ruscogenin also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced over expression of ICAM-1 both at the mRNA and protein levels and suppressed NF-kappaB activation considerably by decreasing NF-kappaB p65 translocation and DNA binding activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings provide some new insights that may explain the possible molecular mechanism of Ruscogenin and Radix Ophiopogon japonicus for the inhibition of endothelial responses to cytokines during inflammatory and vascular disorders.

Ruscogenin ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via suppressing lipogenesis and inflammatory pathway.[Pubmed: 25136608]

Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:652680.

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of Ruscogenin, a major steroid sapogenin in Ophiopogon japonicus, on experimental models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
HepG2 cells were exposed to 300 μmol/l palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h with the preincubation of Ruscogenin for another 24 h. Ruscogenin (10.0 μmol/l) had inhibitory effects on PA-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammatory markers in HepG2 cells. Male golden hamsters were randomly divided into five groups fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with Ruscogenin (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day) by gavage once daily for 8 weeks. Ruscogenin alleviated dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and necroinflammation and reversed plasma markers of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed hamsters. Hepatic mRNA levels involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased in Ruscogenin-treated HFD-fed hamsters. Conversely, Ruscogenin decreased expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractive mediator, nuclear transcription factor-(NF-) κB, and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in the HFD group, which were attenuated by Ruscogenin.
CONCLUSIONS:
Ruscogenin may attenuate HFD-induced steatohepatitis through downregulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses, reducing hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and upregulating proteins in β-oxidation pathway.

Protocol of Ruscogenin

Kinase Assay

Ruscogenin suppresses mouse neutrophil activation: Involvement of protein kinase A pathway.[Reference: WebLink]

Ruscogenin reduces cerebral ischemic injury via NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway in the mouse model of experimental stroke.[Pubmed: 23911884]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Aug 15;714(1-3):303-11.

Transient cerebral ischemia initiates a complex series of inflammatory events, which has been associated with an increase in behavioral deficits and secondary brain damage. Ruscogenin is a major steroid sapogenin in the traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus that have multiple bioactivities. Recent studies have demonstrated that Ruscogenin is involved in down-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in anti-inflammatory pathways.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We hypothesized that Ruscogenin protects against brain ischemia by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway. To test this hypothesis, adult male mice (C57BL/6 strain) were pretreated with Ruscogenin and then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion. After 1 h MCAO and 24 h reperfusion, neurological deficit, infarct sizes, and brain water content were measured. Ruscogenin markedly decreased the infarct size, improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content after MCAO. The activation of NF-κB Signaling pathway was observed after 1h of ischemia and 1h of reperfusion, and Ruscogenin significantly inhibited NF-κB p65 expression, phosphorylation and translocation from cytosol to nucleus at this time point in a dose-dependent manner. NF-κB DNA binding activity, and the expression of NF-κB target genes, including ICAM-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were also suppressed by Ruscogenin pretreatment after 1 h MCAO and 24 h reperfusion.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicated that Ruscogenin protected the brain against ischemic damage caused by MCAO, and this effect may be through downregulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses.

J. Steroid Biochem., 2015, 154:85-93.

Ruscogenin, a natural steroidal sapogenin, presents in both food and medicinal plants. It has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory activities.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Considering that activation of neutrophil is a key feature of inflammatory diseases, this study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Ruscogenin and its underlying mechanisms responsible for neutrophil activation. Moreover, Ruscogenin inhibited phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, the inhibitory effects of Ruscogenin on superoxide production and the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2 were reversed by PKA inhibitor (H89), suggesting a PKA-dependent mechanism.
CONCLUSIONS:
In summary, our data suggest that Ruscogenin inhibits activation of neutrophil through cPLA2, PAK, Akt, MAPKs, cAMP, and PKA signaling pathways. Increased PKA activity is associated with suppression of the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2 pathways.

Cell Research

Ruscogenin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice: involvement of tissue factor, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB.[Pubmed: 22079591 ]

Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jan;12(1):88-93.

Acute lung injury is still a significant clinical problem with a high mortality rate and there are few effective therapies in clinic.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we studied the inhibitory effect of Ruscogenin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic natural product, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice basing on our previous studies. The results showed that a single oral administration of Ruscogenin significantly decreased lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio at doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg 1 h prior to LPS challenge (30 mg/kg, intravenous injection). Histopathological changes such as pulmonary edema, coagulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also attenuated by Ruscogenin. In addition, Ruscogenin markedly decreased LPS-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitrate/nitrite content, and also downregulated expression of tissue factor (TF), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p-p65 (Ser 536) in the lung tissue at three doses. Furthermore, Ruscogenin reduced plasma TF procoagulant activity and nitrate/nitrite content in LPS-induced ALI mice.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings confirmed that Ruscogenin significantly attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting expressions of TF and iNOS and NF-κB p65 activation, indicating it as a potential therapeutic agent for ALI or sepsis.

Ruscogenin Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Ruscogenin

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.3222 mL 11.6109 mL 23.2218 mL 46.4436 mL 58.0545 mL
5 mM 0.4644 mL 2.3222 mL 4.6444 mL 9.2887 mL 11.6109 mL
10 mM 0.2322 mL 1.1611 mL 2.3222 mL 4.6444 mL 5.8054 mL
50 mM 0.0464 mL 0.2322 mL 0.4644 mL 0.9289 mL 1.1611 mL
100 mM 0.0232 mL 0.1161 mL 0.2322 mL 0.4644 mL 0.5805 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Ruscogenin

Possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ruscogenin: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB.[Pubmed:18946195]

J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Oct;108(2):198-205.

Ruscogenin (RUS), first isolated from Ruscus aculeatus, also a major steroidal sapogenin of traditional Chinese herb Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. Our previous studies suggested that Ruscogenin remarkably inhibited adhesion of leukocytes to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) injured by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a concentration-dependent manner. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the in vivo effects of Ruscogenin on leukocyte migration and celiac prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) level induced by zymosan A were studied in mice. Furthermore, the effects of Ruscogenin on TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation were also investigated under consideration of their key roles in leukocyte recruitment. The results showed that Ruscogenin significantly suppressed zymosan A-evoked peritoneal total leukocyte migration in mice in a dose-dependent manner, while it had no obvious effect on PGE(2) content in peritoneal exudant. Ruscogenin also inhibited TNF-alpha-induced over expression of ICAM-1 both at the mRNA and protein levels and suppressed NF-kappaB activation considerably by decreasing NF-kappaB p65 translocation and DNA binding activity. These findings provide some new insights that may explain the possible molecular mechanism of Ruscogenin and Radix Ophiopogon japonicus for the inhibition of endothelial responses to cytokines during inflammatory and vascular disorders.

Ruscogenin reduces cerebral ischemic injury via NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory pathway in the mouse model of experimental stroke.[Pubmed:23911884]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Aug 15;714(1-3):303-11.

Transient cerebral ischemia initiates a complex series of inflammatory events, which has been associated with an increase in behavioral deficits and secondary brain damage. Ruscogenin is a major steroid sapogenin in the traditional Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus that have multiple bioactivities. Recent studies have demonstrated that Ruscogenin is involved in down-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in anti-inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that Ruscogenin protects against brain ischemia by inhibiting NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory pathway. To test this hypothesis, adult male mice (C57BL/6 strain) were pretreated with Ruscogenin and then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion. After 1 h MCAO and 24 h reperfusion, neurological deficit, infarct sizes, and brain water content were measured. Ruscogenin markedly decreased the infarct size, improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content after MCAO. The activation of NF-kappaB Signaling pathway was observed after 1h of ischemia and 1h of reperfusion, and Ruscogenin significantly inhibited NF-kappaB p65 expression, phosphorylation and translocation from cytosol to nucleus at this time point in a dose-dependent manner. NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, and the expression of NF-kappaB target genes, including ICAM-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), were also suppressed by Ruscogenin pretreatment after 1 h MCAO and 24 h reperfusion. The results indicated that Ruscogenin protected the brain against ischemic damage caused by MCAO, and this effect may be through downregulation of NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory responses.

Ruscogenin ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via suppressing lipogenesis and inflammatory pathway.[Pubmed:25136608]

Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:652680.

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of Ruscogenin, a major steroid sapogenin in Ophiopogon japonicus, on experimental models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. HepG2 cells were exposed to 300 mumol/l palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h with the preincubation of Ruscogenin for another 24 h. Ruscogenin (10.0 mumol/l) had inhibitory effects on PA-induced triglyceride accumulation and inflammatory markers in HepG2 cells. Male golden hamsters were randomly divided into five groups fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with Ruscogenin (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day) by gavage once daily for 8 weeks. Ruscogenin alleviated dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and necroinflammation and reversed plasma markers of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed hamsters. Hepatic mRNA levels involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased in Ruscogenin-treated HFD-fed hamsters. Conversely, Ruscogenin decreased expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractive mediator, nuclear transcription factor-(NF-) kappaB, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were increased in the HFD group, which were attenuated by Ruscogenin. Ruscogenin may attenuate HFD-induced steatohepatitis through downregulation of NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory responses, reducing hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and upregulating proteins in beta-oxidation pathway.

Ruscogenin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice: involvement of tissue factor, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB.[Pubmed:22079591]

Int Immunopharmacol. 2012 Jan;12(1):88-93.

Acute lung injury is still a significant clinical problem with a high mortality rate and there are few effective therapies in clinic. Here, we studied the inhibitory effect of Ruscogenin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic natural product, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice basing on our previous studies. The results showed that a single oral administration of Ruscogenin significantly decreased lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio at doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg 1 h prior to LPS challenge (30 mg/kg, intravenous injection). Histopathological changes such as pulmonary edema, coagulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also attenuated by Ruscogenin. In addition, Ruscogenin markedly decreased LPS-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitrate/nitrite content, and also downregulated expression of tissue factor (TF), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p-p65 (Ser 536) in the lung tissue at three doses. Furthermore, Ruscogenin reduced plasma TF procoagulant activity and nitrate/nitrite content in LPS-induced ALI mice. These findings confirmed that Ruscogenin significantly attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting expressions of TF and iNOS and NF-kappaB p65 activation, indicating it as a potential therapeutic agent for ALI or sepsis.

Description

Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by suppressing TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK pathway and exerts significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities.

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