Strychnine

CAS# 57-24-9

Strychnine

Catalog No. BCN4978----Order now to get a substantial discount!

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Quality Control of Strychnine

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Chemical structure

Strychnine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Strychnine

Cas No. 57-24-9 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 441071 Appearance White-beige powder
Formula C21H22N2O2 M.Wt 334.41
Type of Compound Alkaloids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble in chloroform; sparingly soluble in water
Chemical Name (4aR,5aS,8aR,13aS,15aS,15bR)-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline-14-one
SMILES C1CN2CC3=CCOC4CC(=O)N5C6C4C3CC2C61C7=CC=CC=C75
Standard InChIKey QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C21H22N2O2/c24-18-10-16-19-13-9-17-21(6-7-22(17)11-12(13)5-8-25-16)14-3-1-2-4-15(14)23(18)20(19)21/h1-5,13,16-17,19-20H,6-11H2/t13-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Strychnine

The seeds of Strychnos nu r-vomica L.

Biological Activity of Strychnine

DescriptionStrychnine-insensitive glycine site NMDA antagonist ( R )-HA-966 have neuroprotective effects in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Strychnine insensitive glycine receptor has anticonvulsant properties.Strychnine can block binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons, decrease the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current of both Aplysia and frog ganglion neurons. Strychnine also has inhibitory effects on GABA- and glycine-induced responses.
TargetsCalcium Channel | Sodium Channel | ATPase | Potassium Channel | GABA Receptor
In vitro

Differential blockade of bicuculline and strychnine on GABA- and glycine-induced responses in dissociated rat hippocampal pyramidal cells.[Pubmed: 1797352]

Brain Res. 1991 Oct 4;561(1):77-83.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
The inhibitory effects of bicuculline (BIC) and Strychnine (STR) on GABA- and glycine-induced responses were studied in the rat dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in whole-cell mode by using the conventional patch-clamp technique. Both GABA and glycine elicited inward Cl- currents in a dose-dependent manner and had almost the same maximal responses. The half-maximum dose (Ka) and Hill coefficient were 6.4 microM and 1.1 for the GABA response, and 74 microM and 1.5 for the glycine response. BIC and STR antagonized both GABA and glycine responses in a competitive manner. The blocking potency of BIC and STR on the GABA response was comparable. The half inhibition dose (IC50) was 2.7 microM for BIC and 6.7 microM for STR. STR blocked the glycine response about 3,000 x more effectively than BIC. The IC50 was 28 nM for STR and 100 microM for BIC. The BIC and STR did not have voltage-dependent blocking effects on either GABA or glycine responses.
CONCLUSIONS:
Neither GABA nor glycine showed outward rectification in their current-voltage relationships. The functional role of glycine in the rat hippocampal CA1 region is discussed.

In vivo

A potent antagonist of the strychnine insensitive glycine receptor has anticonvulsant properties.[Pubmed: 2560979]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec 19;174(2-3):197-204.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
5.7-Dinitro-quinoxaline-2.3-dione (MNQX) displaced [3H]glycine binding to cortical membranes but had no effect n [3H]3-((+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid ([3H]CPP) binding. MNQX potently antagonized N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked release of [3H]GABA from cultured cortical neurones, NMDA evoked spreading depression and NMDA depolarizations in the rat neo-cortex. All of these responses were reversed by addition of glycine to the perfusion media.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggested that MNQX is an antagonist at the Strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor associated with the NMDA receptor/ionophore complex. Furthermore the compound was found to antagonise audiogenic seizures in DBA-2 mice indicating the potential of glycine antagonists of this type in anticonvulsant therapy.

Strychnine effects on discrimination learning in mice: Effects of dose and time of administration.[Reference: WebLink]

Physiol. Behav., 1970, 5(12):1437-42.


METHODS AND RESULTS:
Experiment 1 examined the dose response effects of posttrial injections of Strychnine sulphate (0.012–1.25 mg/kg) on learning in mice. Injections were given each day immediately after 3 massed training trials on a food reward visual discrimination task. Facilitation was found with low (0.25, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg) and high (1.0 and 1.25 mg/kg) doses, but not with intermediate doses (0.20, 0.40, 0.80 mg/kg). Experiment 2 examined the effects of time of pre- or posttrial drug injection of two doses: 0.10 and 1.00 mg/kg. With both doses significant facilitation of learning was obtained with posttrial injection intervals of one hour or less. With 1.0 mg/kg facilitation was obtained with all pretrial injection times examined (longest interval was 1 hr). With 0.10 mg/kg significant facilitation was obtained with injections given 30 min but not 60 min pretrial.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings are interpreted as providing further evidence that Strychnine facilitates learning by affecting posttrial neurobiological processes underlying memory storage.

Protocol of Strychnine

Kinase Assay

Strychnine blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons.[Pubmed: 6822858]

Strychnine decreases the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current of both Aplysia and frog ganglion neurons.[Pubmed: 3265649]

Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1988 Sep;8(3):307-14.

1. The effects of Strychnine on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (ICa) were studied in physically isolated Aplysia neurons and enzymatically dissociated frog sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Neurons were studied under the internal perfusion and the voltage clamp condition. 2. Strychnine decreased the ICa with threshold concentrations for effect at 1 to 10 microM. The depression of ICa increased with Strychnine dose without effects on the current-voltage relation of ICa. The effects of low concentrations of Strychnine were reversible, but recovery was incomplete at higher concentrations. The potency of Strychnine was about 10 times less than that of diltiazem, an organic Ca2+ antagonist. At 100 microM the ICa of Aplysia neurons was reduced to about half of the control. This concentration of Strychnine also reduced the peak amplitude of ICa of frog sensory neurons.
CONCLUSIONS:
3. These results indicate that, in addition to its actions on transmitter responses and on Na+ and K+ currents, Strychnine has effects on ICa that have not previously been appreciated.

J Neurosci. 1983 Jan;3(1):237-42.

The present study seeks to identify neurotransmitters mediating binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary nucleus neurons.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Neurons in this auditory structure receive inputs from both ears and are thought to code for localization of sound in space. Iontophoretic application of glycine during monaural stimulation was found to mimic the inhibition observed with binaural stimulation. Binaural inhibition was blocked by application of the glycine receptor antagonist, Strychnine, as were the effects of iontophoretic application of glycine. The post-Strychnine recovery time course for return of synaptically mediated binaural inhibition and recovery of the effects of iontophoretic glycine application were identical. Although the superior olivary complex (SOC) neurons displaying binaural inhibition could in some cases be inhibited by GABA, the binaural inhibition rarely was blocked by iontophoretic application of the GABA receptor antagonist, bicuculline.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that glycine may be a neurotransmitter mediating binaural inhibition in certain SOC neurons and that the projection to the lateral superior olivary nucleus from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body may be glycinergic.

Animal Research

Neuroprotective effects of the strychnine-insensitive glycine site NMDA antagonist (R)-HA-966 in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.[Pubmed: 9219856]

Brain Res. 1997 Jun 6;759(1):1-8.

The neuroprotective effects of (R)-HA-966 and (S)-HA-966 (3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone) were examined in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Systemic pretreatment of C57 black mice with the Strychnine-insensitive glycine site antagonist, (R)-HA-966 (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.), dose-dependently attenuated MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Pretreatment with (R)-HA-966 also significantly protected the degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice treated with MPTP and alleviated the acute behavioral changes caused by the neurotoxin. In contrast, the other racemic form, (S)-HA-966, neither prevented the neurochemical depletions nor the neuronal injury caused by MPTP.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that excitatory mechanisms of neurodegeneration are involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, and that Strychnine-insensitive glycine site NMDA antagonists may serve as dopaminoprotective agents which intervene in the progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Strychnine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.9903 mL 14.9517 mL 29.9034 mL 59.8068 mL 74.7585 mL
5 mM 0.5981 mL 2.9903 mL 5.9807 mL 11.9614 mL 14.9517 mL
10 mM 0.299 mL 1.4952 mL 2.9903 mL 5.9807 mL 7.4759 mL
50 mM 0.0598 mL 0.299 mL 0.5981 mL 1.1961 mL 1.4952 mL
100 mM 0.0299 mL 0.1495 mL 0.299 mL 0.5981 mL 0.7476 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Strychnine

Strychnine decreases the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current of both Aplysia and frog ganglion neurons.[Pubmed:3265649]

Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1988 Sep;8(3):307-14.

1. The effects of Strychnine on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (ICa) were studied in physically isolated Aplysia neurons and enzymatically dissociated frog sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion. Neurons were studied under the internal perfusion and the voltage clamp condition. 2. Strychnine decreased the ICa with threshold concentrations for effect at 1 to 10 microM. The depression of ICa increased with Strychnine dose without effects on the current-voltage relation of ICa. The effects of low concentrations of Strychnine were reversible, but recovery was incomplete at higher concentrations. The potency of Strychnine was about 10 times less than that of diltiazem, an organic Ca2+ antagonist. At 100 microM the ICa of Aplysia neurons was reduced to about half of the control. This concentration of Strychnine also reduced the peak amplitude of ICa of frog sensory neurons. 3. These results indicate that, in addition to its actions on transmitter responses and on Na+ and K+ currents, Strychnine has effects on ICa that have not previously been appreciated.

A potent antagonist of the strychnine insensitive glycine receptor has anticonvulsant properties.[Pubmed:2560979]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec 19;174(2-3):197-204.

5.7-Dinitro-quinoxaline-2.3-dione (MNQX) displaced [3H]glycine binding to cortical membranes but had no effect n [3H]3-((+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid ([3H]CPP) binding. MNQX potently antagonized N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked release of [3H]GABA from cultured cortical neurones, NMDA evoked spreading depression and NMDA depolarizations in the rat neo-cortex. All of these responses were reversed by addition of glycine to the perfusion media. These results suggested that MNQX is an antagonist at the Strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor associated with the NMDA receptor/ionophore complex. Furthermore the compound was found to antagonise audiogenic seizures in DBA-2 mice indicating the potential of glycine antagonists of this type in anticonvulsant therapy.

Neuroprotective effects of the strychnine-insensitive glycine site NMDA antagonist (R)-HA-966 in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.[Pubmed:9219856]

Brain Res. 1997 Jun 6;759(1):1-8.

The neuroprotective effects of (R)-HA-966 and (S)-HA-966 (3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone) were examined in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease. Systemic pretreatment of C57 black mice with the Strychnine-insensitive glycine site antagonist, (R)-HA-966 (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.), dose-dependently attenuated MPTP-induced depletion of striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Pretreatment with (R)-HA-966 also significantly protected the degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice treated with MPTP and alleviated the acute behavioral changes caused by the neurotoxin. In contrast, the other racemic form, (S)-HA-966, neither prevented the neurochemical depletions nor the neuronal injury caused by MPTP. These results indicate that excitatory mechanisms of neurodegeneration are involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, and that Strychnine-insensitive glycine site NMDA antagonists may serve as dopaminoprotective agents which intervene in the progressive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Strychnine blocks binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary neurons.[Pubmed:6822858]

J Neurosci. 1983 Jan;3(1):237-42.

The present study seeks to identify neurotransmitters mediating binaural inhibition in lateral superior olivary nucleus neurons. Neurons in this auditory structure receive inputs from both ears and are thought to code for localization of sound in space. Iontophoretic application of glycine during monaural stimulation was found to mimic the inhibition observed with binaural stimulation. Binaural inhibition was blocked by application of the glycine receptor antagonist, Strychnine, as were the effects of iontophoretic application of glycine. The post-Strychnine recovery time course for return of synaptically mediated binaural inhibition and recovery of the effects of iontophoretic glycine application were identical. Although the superior olivary complex (SOC) neurons displaying binaural inhibition could in some cases be inhibited by GABA, the binaural inhibition rarely was blocked by iontophoretic application of the GABA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. These findings suggest that glycine may be a neurotransmitter mediating binaural inhibition in certain SOC neurons and that the projection to the lateral superior olivary nucleus from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body may be glycinergic.

Theoretical investigations into spectral and non-linear optical properties of brucine and strychnine using density functional theory.[Pubmed:24840487]

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014 Oct 15;131:461-70.

The density functional theoretical (DFT) computations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p) level to calculate the equilibrium geometry, vibrational wave numbers, intensities, and various other molecular properties of brucine and Strychnine, which were found in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The out-of-phase stretching modes of aromatic rings and carbonyl stretching modes in combination with CH stretching modes at stereogenic centers generate VCD signals, which are remarkably efficient configuration markers for these chiral molecular systems. NBOs analysis reveals that the large values of second order perturbation energy (47.24kcal/mol for brucine and 46.93kcal/mol for Strychnine) confirms strong hyperconjugative interaction between the orbital containing the lone pair of electron of nitrogen and the neighboring CO antibonding orbital. The molecular electrostatic potential map of Strychnine molecule, with no polar groups other than the lone keto group, shows less polarization, which accounts for its lower susceptibility towards electrophilic attack as compared to brucine.

Differential blockade of bicuculline and strychnine on GABA- and glycine-induced responses in dissociated rat hippocampal pyramidal cells.[Pubmed:1797352]

Brain Res. 1991 Oct 4;561(1):77-83.

The inhibitory effects of bicuculline (BIC) and Strychnine (STR) on GABA- and glycine-induced responses were studied in the rat dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in whole-cell mode by using the conventional patch-clamp technique. Both GABA and glycine elicited inward Cl- currents in a dose-dependent manner and had almost the same maximal responses. The half-maximum dose (Ka) and Hill coefficient were 6.4 microM and 1.1 for the GABA response, and 74 microM and 1.5 for the glycine response. BIC and STR antagonized both GABA and glycine responses in a competitive manner. The blocking potency of BIC and STR on the GABA response was comparable. The half inhibition dose (IC50) was 2.7 microM for BIC and 6.7 microM for STR. STR blocked the glycine response about 3,000 x more effectively than BIC. The IC50 was 28 nM for STR and 100 microM for BIC. The BIC and STR did not have voltage-dependent blocking effects on either GABA or glycine responses. Neither GABA nor glycine showed outward rectification in their current-voltage relationships. The functional role of glycine in the rat hippocampal CA1 region is discussed.

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