1-NM-PP1

1-NM-PP1 is a C3-modified analog of cell-permeable PP1, acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase families [1].

1-NM-PP1 has shown the selective inhibition of protein kinases that have been mutated with the IC50 values of 28 μM, 1.0 μM, 3.4 μM, 29 μM, 24 μM,4.3 nM, 3.2 nM, 120 nM,5 nM and 8 nM for v-Src, c-Fyn, c-Abl, CDK2, CAMKII, v-Src-as1, c-Fyn-as1, cAbl-as2, CDK2-as1 and CAMKII-as1, respectively. 1-NM-PP1 inhibited each of the five target kinases at low nanomolar concentrations with target-specificities ranging from 85-fold to 400-fold measured against the most inhibitable wild-type kinases. In addition, the in vitro study has also revealed that Cdc28-as1 is highly sensitive to 1-NM-PP1 with ATP kinetic Km values of 35 μM and 322 μM, the Kcat values of 132 min-1 and 21.3 min-1, the Kcat/Km values of 3.7 and 0.066, the IC50 values of 22 μM and 0.002 μM for Cdc28/Clb2 and Cdc28-as1/Clb2, respectively [1].

References:
[1] Bishop AC1, Ubersax JA, Petsch DT, Matheos DP, Gray NS, Blethrow J, Shimizu E, Tsien JZ, Schultz PG, Rose MD, Wood JL, Morgan DO, Shokat KM. A chemical switch for inhibitor-sensitive alleles of any protein kinase. Nature. 2000 Sep 21; 407(6802):395-401.

Discovery of a potent protein kinase D inhibitor: insights in the binding mode of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues.[Pubmed:28890776]

Medchemcomm. 2017 Mar 1;8(3):640-646.

In this study, we set out to rationally optimize PKD inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The lead compound for this study was 1-NM-PP1, which was previously found by us and others to inhibit PKD. In our screening we identified one compound (3-IN-PP1) displaying a 10-fold increase in potency over 1-NM-PP1, opening new possibilities for specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases that show sensitivity towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derived compounds. Interestingly the observed SAR was not in complete agreement with the commonly observed binding mode where the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds are bound in a similar fashion as PKD's natural ligand ATP. Therefore we suggest an alternate binding mode where the compounds are flipped 180 degrees. This possible alternate binding mode for pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine based compounds could pave the way for a new class of specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases sensitive towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrmidines.

Synchronized fission yeast meiosis using an ATP analog-sensitive Pat1 protein kinase.[Pubmed:24385151]

Nat Protoc. 2014 Jan;9(1):223-31.

Synchronous cultures are often indispensable for studying meiosis. Here we present an optimized protocol for induction of synchronous meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Chemical inactivation of an ATP analog-sensitive form of the Pat1 kinase (pat1-as2) by adding the ATP analog 1-NM-PP1 in G1-arrested cells allows the induction of synchronous meiosis at optimal temperature (25 degrees C). Importantly, this protocol eliminates detrimental effects of elevated temperature (34 degrees C), which is required to inactivate the commonly used temperature-sensitive Pat1 kinase mutant (pat1-114). The addition of the mat-Pc gene to a mat1-M strain further improves chromosome segregation and spore viability. Thus, our protocol offers highly synchronous meiosis at optimal temperature, with most characteristics similar to those of wild-type meiosis. The synchronization protocol can be completed in 5 d (not including strain production, which may take as long as 2 or 3 months).

Mps1 kinase activity restrains anaphase during an unperturbed mitosis and targets Mad2 to kinetochores.[Pubmed:18541701]

J Cell Biol. 2008 Jun 16;181(6):893-901.

Mps1 is an upstream component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, which, in human cells, is required for checkpoint activation in response to spindle damage but not apparently during an unperturbed mitosis. Mps1 also recruits Mad1 and Mad2 to kinetochores. However, whether the enzymatic activity of Mps1 is required for these processes is unclear. To address this question, we established an RNA interference (RNAi) complementation assay. Repression of Mps1 triggers premature anaphase, often with unaligned or maloriented chromosomes. This phenotype is rescued by an RNAi-resistant wild-type Mps1 transgene but not by a catalytically inactive mutant. An analogue-sensitive allele, Mps1(M602A), also rescues the RNAi-induced defect, but not when inhibited by the adenosine triphosphate analogue 1-NM-PP1. Thus, Mps1 activity does restrain anaphase during an unperturbed mitosis. Furthermore, although catalytically inactive Mps1 can restore kinetochore localization of Mad1, only the active kinase restores Mad2 localization. Thus, in human cells, Mps1 catalytic activity is required for spindle checkpoint function and recruitment of Mad2.

Analysis of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 signaling and function in ES cells.[Pubmed:18514190]

Exp Cell Res. 2008 Jul 1;314(11-12):2299-312.

3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) phosphorylates and activates several kinases in the cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent and protein kinase C (AGC) family. Many putative PDK1 substrates have been identified, but have not been analyzed following transient and specific inhibition of PDK1 activity. Here, we demonstrate that a previously characterized PDK1 inhibitor, BX-795, shows biological effects that are not consistent with PDK1 inhibition. Therefore, we describe the creation and characterization of a PDK1 mutant, L159G, which can bind inhibitor analogues containing bulky groups that hinder access to the ATP binding pocket of wild type (WT) kinases. When expressed in PDK1(-/-) ES cells, PDK1 L159G restored phosphorylation of PDK1 targets known to be hypophosphorylated in these cells. Screening of multiple inhibitor analogues showed that 1-NM-PP1 and 3,4-DMB-PP1 optimally inhibited the phosphorylation of PDK1 targets in PDK1(-/-) ES cells expressing PDK1 L159G but not WT PDK1. These compounds confirmed previously assumed PDK1 substrates, but revealed distinct dephosphorylation kinetics. While PDK1 inhibition had little effect on cell growth, it sensitized cells to apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, PDK1 loss abolished growth of allograft tumors. Taken together we describe a model system that allows for acute and reversible inhibition of PDK1 in cells, to probe biochemical and biological consequences.

1-NM-PP1, a cell-permeable PP1 analog, is a potent Src family kinases inhibitor with IC50s of 4.3 nM and 3.2 nM for v-Src-as1 and c-Fyn-as1, respectively.

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