14,15-Didehydroisoeburnamine

Filter quality of electret masks in filtering 14.6-594 nm aerosol particles: Effects of five decontamination methods.[Pubmed:29023492]

PLoS One. 2017 Oct 12;12(10):e0186217.

This study investigates the effects of five decontamination methods on the filter quality (qf) of three commercially available electret masks-N95, Gauze and Spunlace nonwoven masks. Newly developed evaluation methods, the overall filter quality (qf,o) and the qf ratio were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination methods for respirators. A scanning mobility particle sizer is utilized to measure the concentration of polydispersed particles with diameter 14.6-594 nm. The penetration of particles and pressure drop (Deltap) through the mask are used to determine qf and qf,o. Experimental results reveal that the most penetrating particle size (MPS) for the pre-decontaminated N95, Gauze and Spunlace masks were 118 nm, 461 nm and 279 nm, respectively, and the respective penetration rates were 2.6%, 23.2% and 70.0%. The Deltap through the pretreated N95 masks was 9.2 mm H2O at the breathing flow rate of heavy-duty workers, exceeding the Deltap values obtained through Gauze and Spunlace masks. Decontamination increased the sizes of the most penetrating particles, changing the qf values of all of the masks: qf fell as particle size increased because the penetration increased. Bleach increased the Deltap of N95, but destroyed the Gauze mask. However, the use of an autoclave reduces the Deltap values of both the N95 and the Gauze mask. Neither the rice cooker nor ethanol altered the Deltap of the Gauze mask. Chemical decontamination methods reduced the qf,o values for the three electret masks. The value of qf,o for PM0.1 exceeded that for PM0.1-0.6, because particles smaller than 100 nm had lower penetration, resulting in a better qf for a given pressure drop. The values of qf,o, particularly for PM0.1, reveal that for the tested treatments and masks, physical decontamination methods are less destructive to the filter than chemical methods. Nevertheless, when purchasing new or reusing FFRs, penetration should be regarded as the priority.

Discovery of HLA-C*14:87, a novel HLA-C*14 variant, in a Taiwanese individual.[Pubmed:29024503]

HLA. 2018 Jan;91(1):72-73.

One nucleotide substitution at residue 526 of the HLA-C*14:15 results in a novel allele, HLA-C*14:87.

Partner Notification for Youth Living With HIV in 14 Cities in the United States.[Pubmed:29023252]

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018 Jan 1;77(1):46-52.

BACKGROUND: Identifying factors associated with partner notification among youth living with HIV is critical for effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS: A total of 924 male and female behaviorally infected youth aged 13-24 across 14 U.S. cities completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview including questions about demographics and experiences with patient- and provider-referral partner notification. RESULTS: The majority of participants self-identified as male (82.5%), Black/non-Hispanic (70.1%), and Hispanic/Latino (18.2%). Most males (93.4%) reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact. Over three-quarters (77.6%) reported that all or some of their partners were contacted, while 22.4% indicated that none were contacted regarding potential HIV exposure. Most (52.4%) reported that only one person talked to them about notifying partners including the HIV tester (36.5%) followed by their health care provider/doctor (27.6%). Less than a fifth (18.3%) were themselves notified of their own exposure to HIV. Using multivariable logistic regression, 3 factors were associated with successful partner notification: (1) when more than one person talked to participants about partner notification (AOR = 1.87, 1.33-2.62); (2) if they themselves had been notified of their own HIV exposure (AOR = 1.83, 1.13-2.95); and (3) if their education included some college or technical school versus less than high school (AOR = 1.72, 1.04-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: Partner notification among youth living with HIV is unsuccessful at least 22.4% of the time, although minimal criteria for partner services are being met almost universally. Partner notification might benefit from enhanced guidelines that call for both HIV testers and HIV care providers to discuss this important strategy with HIV-positive youth.

Functional Limitations Among Responders to the World Trade Center Attacks 14 Years After the Disaster: Implications of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.[Pubmed:29024005]

J Trauma Stress. 2017 Oct;30(5):443-452.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with self-reported difficulties navigating the social and physical world and may also be associated with risk of functional limitations. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), an objective functional assessment, was administered during monitoring exams between January and December 2015 to a consecutive sample of 1,268 rescue workers, volunteers, and other responders who had aided in response, recovery, and cleanup efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York after the September 11, 2011 attacks. Data were linked with diagnostic and longitudinal data from the WTC monitoring study. Multivariable analyses were used to examine predictors of functional limitations. Prevalence estimates weighted to the general responder population revealed a relatively high prevalence of functional limitations, SPPB