DMCM hydrochloride

DMCM (hydrochloride) is Benzodiazepine inverse agonist that displays anxiogenic and potent convulsant activity. The reference for administration is ranging 0.4 from 0.8 mg/kg . DMCM (hydrochloride) was shown to bind to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors in the rat brain with high affinity. DMCM (hydrochloride) can inhibit pain and learning in rats.

References:
[1]. Sieve AN et al. Pain and negative affect: evidence the inverse benzodiazepine agonist DMCM inhibits pain and learning in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2001 Jan 1, 153(2):180-90.

Behavioral differences between subgroups of rats with high and low threshold to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist.[Pubmed:16297441]

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 Nov;82(3):417-26.

In epileptic patients, there is a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ionotropic receptor GABA(A)/benzodiazepine allosteric site is involved in both epilepsy and anxiety. This involvement is based on the fact that benzodiazepine allosteric site agonists are anticonvulsant and anxiolytic drugs; on the other hand, benzodiazepine inverse agonists are potent convulsant and anxiogenic drugs. The aim of this work was to determine if subgroups of rats selected according to their susceptibility to clonic convulsions induced by a convulsant dose 50% (CD50) of DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, would differ in behavioral tests commonly used to measure anxiety (elevated plus-maze, open field) and depression (forced swimming test). In the first experiment, subgroups of adult male Wistar rats were selected after a single dose of DMCM and in the second experiment they were selected after two injections of DMCM given after an interval of 1 week. Those rats presenting full clonic convulsions were termed Low Threshold rats to DMCM-induced clonic convulsions (LTR) and those not having clonic convulsions High Threshold rats to DMCM-induced clonic convulsions (HTR). In both experiments, only those rats presenting full clonic convulsions induced by DMCM and those not showing any signs of motor disturbances were used in the behavioral tests. The results showed that the LTR subgroup selected after two injections of a CD50 of DMCM spent a significantly lower time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and in the off the walls area of the open field; moreover, this group also presented a higher number of rearings in the open field. There were no significant differences between HTR and LTR subgroups in the forced swimming test. LTR and HTR subgroups selected after only one injection of DMCM did not differ in the three behavioral tests. To verify if the behavioral differences between HTR and LTR subgroups of rats selected after two injections of DMCM were due to the clonic convulsion, another experiment was carried out in which subgroups of rats susceptible and nonsusceptible to clonic convulsions induced by a CD50 of picrotoxin, a GABA(A) receptor channel blocker, were selected and submitted to the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. The results obtained did not show any significant differences between these two subgroups in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. In another approach to determine the relation between fear/anxiety and susceptibility to clonic convulsions, subgroups of rats were selected in the elevated plus-maze as more or less fearful/anxious. The CD50 for clonic convulsions induced by DMCM was determined for each of these two subgroups. The results showed a significantly lower CD50 for the more fearful/anxious subgroup, which means a higher susceptibility to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM. The present findings show a relation between susceptibility to clonic convulsions and fear/anxiety and vice versa which may be due to differences in the assembly of GABA(A)/allosteric benzodiazepine site receptors in regions of the brain.

DMCM: a potent convulsive benzodiazepine receptor ligand.[Pubmed:6317396]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1983 Oct 14;94(1-2):117-24.

DMCM (methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate) is a very potent convulsant with high affinity for specific benzodiazepine binding sites. A number of compounds were compared for their ability to prevent seizures induced by DMCM and pentylenetetrazol. DMCM seizures were antagonized by benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonists, such as Ro 15-1788, CGS 8216 and several beta-carboline-3-carboxylates, which all fail to inhibit pentylenetetrazol seizures. The benzodiazepines diazepam, clonazepam and lorazepam as well as valproate, ethosuximid, phenobarbital, primidone, diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine antagonized both DMCM and pentylenetetrazol. Muscimol and gamma-vinyl-GABA did not inhibit DMCM seizures whereas THIP showed a weak and selective effect against DMCM. Valproate showed a relatively potent (60 mg/kg i.p.) and competitive antagonism of short duration. Baclofen antagonized DMCM at 3 mg/kg. Valproate and baclofen were at least 5 times more potent against DMCM-induced than against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. DMCM most probably induces the seizures by selective impairment of the functions mediated by the GABA/BZ receptor-chloride channel complex (inverse agonism) and therefore differs from GABA receptor blockers.

DMCM hydrochloride is a nonselective full inverse agonist of benzodiazepine. DMCM shows bnding afinity at human recombinant GABAA αxβ3γ2 receptor subtypes with Kis of 10 nM, 13 nM, 7.5 nM, 2.2 nM for α1, α2, α3, and α5 receptors, respectively.

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