Desoxyrhapontigenin

The roots of Rheum palmatum L.

Desoxyrhapontigenin up-regulates Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in macrophages and inflammatory lung injury.[Pubmed:24624340]

Redox Biol. 2014 Feb 18;2:504-12.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an important anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and cytoprotective enzyme that is regulated by the activation of the major transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). In the present study, six stilbene derivatives isolated from Rheum undulatum L. were assessed for their antioxidative potential. In the tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, Desoxyrhapontigenin was the most potent component that reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite. In response to Desoxyrhapontigenin, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that Desoxyrhapontigenin promoted the DNA binding of Nrf2 and increased the expression of antioxidant proteins and enzymes regulated by Nrf2. Further investigation utilizing specific inhibitors of Akt, p38, JNK and ERK demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway mediates HO-1 expression. Moreover, the increase in Nrf2 expression mediated by treatment with Desoxyrhapontigenin was reversed by Nrf2 or Akt gene knock-down. In the LPS-induced in vivo lung inflammation model, pretreatment with Desoxyrhapontigenin markedly ameliorated LPS-induced lung inflammation and histological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis of Nrf2, HO-1 and p65 was conducted and confirmed that treatment with Desoxyrhapontigenin induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression but reduced p65 expression. These findings suggest that Desoxyrhapontigenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate as an antioxidant or an anti-inflammatory agent.

Desoxyrhapontigenin, a potent anti-inflammatory phytochemical, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.[Pubmed:24295651]

Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Jan;18(1):182-90.

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of a stilbene compound, Desoxyrhapontigenin, which was isolated from Rheum undulatum. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of this compound, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of six stilbene derivatives. The results indicated that compared with other stilbene compounds, Desoxyrhapontigenin (at 10, 30 and 50muM concentrations) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation, the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Desoxyrhapontigenin was investigated in detail. The results of this investigation demonstrated that Desoxyrhapontigenin suppressed not only LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions, including the secretions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but also PGE2 release. As assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), Desoxyrhapontigenin also produced the dose-dependent inhibition of the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Moreover, Desoxyrhapontigenin inhibited the protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), IkappaB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation and the degradation of IkappaBalpha. Activations of p-JNK1 and p-Akt were also significantly inhibited, and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK was down-regulated. A further study revealed that Desoxyrhapontigenin (5 and 25mg/kg, i.p.) reduced paw swelling in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model in vivo. On the whole, these results indicate that Desoxyrhapontigenin showed anti-inflammatory properties by the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via the down-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathways and the inhibition of NF-kappaB and Akt activation.

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of Rheum franzenbachii extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.[Pubmed:20645745]

Pharm Biol. 2010 Jun;48(6):703-7.

The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract from the roots and rhizomes of Rheum franzenbachii Munt. (Polygonaceae) were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Effects of repeated oral administration of ethanol extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) on the plasma glucose level (PGL), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in diabetic rats were examined. It was found that administration of ethanol extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) produced a significant fall in PGL, AUC, and MDA, while elevating the GSH levels and SOD and CAT activities in diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg was identified as the most effective dose, with a decrease of 65.8 and 44.0% in PGL and MDA, and elevation of 72.6, 75.0, and 51.5% in GSH level and SOD and CAT activities, respectively, after 14 days of ERF administration in diabetic rats. Moreover, the OGTT studies showed a maximum reduction in PGL and AUC. From the active extract of Rheum franzenbachii, two stilbenes, Desoxyrhapontigenin (1) and desoxyrhaponticin (2), were isolated as major constituents. The present study concludes that the ethanol extract of roots and rhizomes from Rheum franzenbachii had significant hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects.

Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase by Stilbenes from Rheum palmatum.[Pubmed:28243286]

Iran J Pharm Res. 2016 Fall;15(4):885-892.

Seven stilbenes and one catechin were bioactivity-guidedly isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatem. Their structures were identified as piceatannol (1), resveratrol (2), piceid (3), rhapontigenin (4), piceatannol-3 -O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), rhaponticin (6), catechin (7) and Desoxyrhapontigenin (8). Anti-monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities of compounds 1-8 were tested. Compounds 1 and 8 showed significant MAO inhibitory activities with IC50 values 16.4 +/- 1.5 muM and 11.5 +/- 1.1, respectively, when the IC50 value of iproniazid as a standard was 6.5 +/- 0.5 muM. The selectivity of compounds 1-8 against MAO-A and MAO-B were also evaluated. The results showed that compounds 468 preferred to inhibit MAO-A rather than MAO-B with selectivity values ([IC50 of MAO-B]/ [IC50 of MAO-A]) of 4.74, 10.01 and 9.42, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these compounds were discussed and the molecular modeling was also performed to explore the binding mode of inhibitors at the active site of MAO-A and MAO-B.

Activity-guided isolation of antioxidants from the roots of Rheum emodi.[Pubmed:22568567]

Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(10):946-9.

An activity-guided isolation and purification process was used to identify the DPPH free radical scavenging components of Rheum emodi. The activity-guided isolation revealed that eugenol, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, Desoxyrhapontigenin, rhapontigenin and mesopsin are the major phenolic compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity of the roots of R. emodi.

4'-Methoxyresveratrol (4'-O-Methylresveratrol) is a polyphenol derived from Dipterocarpaceae, with antiandrogenic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. 4'-Methoxyresveratrol alleviates AGE-induced inflammation through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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