Ginsenoside F1

CAS# 53963-43-2

Ginsenoside F1

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Quality Control of Ginsenoside F1

Number of papers citing our products

Chemical structure

Ginsenoside F1

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Ginsenoside F1

Cas No. 53963-43-2 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 9809542 Appearance White powder
Formula C36H62O9 M.Wt 638.88
Type of Compound Triterpenoids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms 20(S)-Ginsenoside F1
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (156.53 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]hept-5-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
SMILES CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1C(CC3C2(CC(C4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)O)C)O)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C
Standard InChIKey XNGXWSFSJIQMNC-FIYORUNESA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C36H62O9/c1-19(2)10-9-13-36(8,45-31-29(43)28(42)27(41)23(18-37)44-31)20-11-15-34(6)26(20)21(38)16-24-33(5)14-12-25(40)32(3,4)30(33)22(39)17-35(24,34)7/h10,20-31,37-43H,9,11-18H2,1-8H3/t20-,21+,22-,23+,24+,25-,26-,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Ginsenoside F1

The roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Biological Activity of Ginsenoside F1

DescriptionGinsenoside has been reported to suppress platelet aggregation and to reduce gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, also as a novel anti-skin cancer drug with anti-proliferative and anti-migration features. Ginsenoside F1 has a potential for industrial cosmetic materials, it also has inhibitory effect of elastase and tyrosinase, it significantly reduces ultraviolet-B-induced cell death by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2 and protects HaCaT cells from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation.
TargetsIL Receptor | Bcl-2/Bax
In vitro

Role of epidermal γδ T-cell-derived interleukin 13 in the skin-whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1.[Pubmed: 25091975]

Exp Dermatol. 2014 Nov;23(11):860-2.

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1. Although Ginsenoside F1 has several benefits for skin physiology, the effect of Ginsenoside F1 on skin pigmentation has not been reported.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We found that a cream containing 0.1% Ginsenoside F1 showed a significant whitening effect on artificially tanned human skin after 8 weeks of application. However, Ginsenoside F1 did not inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) or cocultured NHEMs/normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Interestingly, Ginsenoside F1 enhanced production of interleukin 13 (IL-13) from human epidermal γδ T cells. IL-13 significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein amount of both tyrosinase and DCT and reduced melanin synthesis activities in NHEMs, resulting in visible brightening of NHEM pellet.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that enhancement of IL-13 production by Ginsenoside F1 from epidermal γδ T cells might play a role in the skin-whitening effect of GF1 via the suppression of tyrosinase and DCT.

Ginsenoside F1 Modulates Cellular Responses of Skin Melanoma Cells.[Reference: WebLink]

J. Ginseng Res., 2011, 35(1):86-91.

Ginsenoside F1 (G-F1) is an enzymatic metabolite generated from G-Rg1. Although this metabolite has been reported to suppress platelet aggregation and to reduce gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, the modulatory activity of G-F1 on the functional role of skin-derived cells has not yet been elucidated.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we evaluated the regulatory role of G-F1 on the cellular responses of B16 melanoma cells. G-F1 strongly suppressed the proliferation of B16 cells up to 60% at 200 ug/mL, while only diminishing the viability of HEK293 cells up to 30%. Furthermore, G-F1 remarkably induced morphological change and clustering of B16 melanoma cells. The melanin production of B16 cells was also significantly blocked by G-F1 up to 70%. Interestingly, intracellular signaling events involved in cell proliferation, migration, and morphological change were up-regulated at 1 h incubation but down-regulated at 12 h.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, our results suggest that G-F1 can be applied as a novel anti-skin cancer drug with anti-proliferative and anti-migration features.

Inhibitory effect of elastase and tyrosinase of ginsenoside F1 isolated from Panax ginseng leaves[Reference: WebLink]

Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2013, 44(1):10-15.

This study was carried to establish a simple isolation and purification method of Ginsenoside F1 from leaves of Panax ginseng and was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of purified Ginsenoside F1 on the activities of elastase and tyrosinase.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The content of Ginsenoside F1 was 90-fold higher in leaves than in root of ginseng. Ginsenoside F1 was isolated from EtOAc fraction between EtOAc and alkalized water of 80% EtOH extract after remove of hydrophobic components. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ginsenoside F1 on elastase activity and tyrosinase activity was 1.07 mM and 1.81 mM, respectively. Especially, inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside F1 on tyrosinase activity was higher than that of arbutin (IC50; 2.20 mM).
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that Ginsenoside F1 have a potential for industrial cosmetic materials.

Protocol of Ginsenoside F1

Kinase Assay

Ginsenoside F1 protects human HaCaT keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2.[Pubmed: 12925222]

Ginsenoside F1 attenuates hyperpigmentation in B16F10 melanoma cells by inducing dendrite retraction and activating Rho signalling.[Pubmed: 25381719]

Exp Dermatol. 2015 Feb;24(2):150-2.

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenoside Re and Rg1 in Panax ginseng. According to various studies, high amounts of ginseng components are absorbed in the metabolized form, which are key constituents responsible for the biological effects of P. ginseng. Recently, GF1 was reported to have beneficial effects on skin. However, there has not been a sound understanding of its antimelanogenic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, GF1 reduced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin secretion in B16F10 cell culture media by 60%. However, it did not suppress intracellular melanin levels, tyrosinase activity and expression. Immunofluorescence assay showed that GF1 had no effect on melanosome transport, but significantly induced dendrite retraction. Pull-down assay demonstrated that GF1 primarily modulates the Rho family GTPases resulting in dendrite retraction.
CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, these data suggest that GF1 could act as a potent skin-whitening agent.

J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Sep;121(3):607-13.

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng, show a variety of biomedical efficacies such as antiaging and antioxidation. Here, we investigate the protective activity of the Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of ginsenoside Rg1, against ultraviolet-B-induced damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Ginsenoside F1 significantly reduced ultraviolet-B-induced cell death and protected HaCaT cells from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation. Furthermore, Ginsenoside F1 prevented ultraviolet-B-induced cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in HaCaT cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
In search of the molecular mechanism responsible for the antiapoptotic effect of Ginsenoside F1, we find that protection from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis is tightly correlated with ginsenoside-F1-mediated inhibition of ultraviolet-B-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and Brn-3a expression.

Ginsenoside F1 Dilution Calculator

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Ginsenoside F1 Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Ginsenoside F1

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.5652 mL 7.8262 mL 15.6524 mL 31.3048 mL 39.131 mL
5 mM 0.313 mL 1.5652 mL 3.1305 mL 6.261 mL 7.8262 mL
10 mM 0.1565 mL 0.7826 mL 1.5652 mL 3.1305 mL 3.9131 mL
50 mM 0.0313 mL 0.1565 mL 0.313 mL 0.6261 mL 0.7826 mL
100 mM 0.0157 mL 0.0783 mL 0.1565 mL 0.313 mL 0.3913 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Ginsenoside F1

Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of Ginsenoside Rg1, demonstrates competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.

In Vitro:Ginsenoside F1 has been shown to flaunt anticancer, anti-aging, and antioxidant effects and has demonstrated competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6 activity. The cell viabilities are 68% at the highest concentration of ginsenoside F1 (200 μM) in MTT assays[1].

In Vivo:ApoE-/- mice are fed a high fat diet and orally treated with Ginsenoside F1 (50 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Ginsenoside F1 treated mice significantly reduce the lesion size compared with model group mice[2].

References:
[1]. Wang DD, et al. Rare ginsenoside Ia synthesized from F1 by cloning and overexpression of the UDP-glycosyltransferase gene from Bacillus subtilis: synthesis, characterization, and in vitromelanogenesis inhibition activity in BL6B16 cells. J Ginseng Res. 2018 Jan;42(1):42-49. [2]. Qin M, et al. Ginsenoside F1 Ameliorates Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Injury and Prevents Atherosclerosis in Mice through A20-Mediated Suppression of NF-kB Signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 22;8:953.

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References on Ginsenoside F1

Ginsenoside F1 protects human HaCaT keratinocytes from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis by maintaining constant levels of Bcl-2.[Pubmed:12925222]

J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Sep;121(3):607-13.

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng, show a variety of biomedical efficacies such as antiaging and antioxidation. Here, we investigate the protective activity of the Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of ginsenoside Rg1, against ultraviolet-B-induced damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Ginsenoside F1 significantly reduced ultraviolet-B-induced cell death and protected HaCaT cells from apoptosis caused by ultraviolet B irradiation. Furthermore, Ginsenoside F1 prevented ultraviolet-B-induced cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in HaCaT cells. In search of the molecular mechanism responsible for the antiapoptotic effect of Ginsenoside F1, we find that protection from ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis is tightly correlated with ginsenoside-F1-mediated inhibition of ultraviolet-B-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and Brn-3a expression.

Ginsenoside F1 attenuates hyperpigmentation in B16F10 melanoma cells by inducing dendrite retraction and activating Rho signalling.[Pubmed:25381719]

Exp Dermatol. 2015 Feb;24(2):150-2.

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite produced by hydrolysis of the ginsenoside Re and Rg1 in Panax ginseng. According to various studies, high amounts of ginseng components are absorbed in the metabolized form, which are key constituents responsible for the biological effects of P. ginseng. Recently, GF1 was reported to have beneficial effects on skin. However, there has not been a sound understanding of its antimelanogenic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, GF1 reduced alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin secretion in B16F10 cell culture media by 60%. However, it did not suppress intracellular melanin levels, tyrosinase activity and expression. Immunofluorescence assay showed that GF1 had no effect on melanosome transport, but significantly induced dendrite retraction. Pull-down assay demonstrated that GF1 primarily modulates the Rho family GTPases resulting in dendrite retraction. Collectively, these data suggest that GF1 could act as a potent skin-whitening agent.

Role of epidermal gammadelta T-cell-derived interleukin 13 in the skin-whitening effect of Ginsenoside F1.[Pubmed:25091975]

Exp Dermatol. 2014 Nov;23(11):860-2.

Ginsenoside F1 (GF1) is a metabolite of ginsenoside Rg1. Although GF1 has several benefits for skin physiology, the effect of GF1 on skin pigmentation has not been reported. We found that a cream containing 0.1% GF1 showed a significant whitening effect on artificially tanned human skin after 8 weeks of application. However, GF1 did not inhibit mRNA expression of tyrosinase or dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) or cocultured NHEMs/normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Interestingly, GF1 enhanced production of interleukin 13 (IL-13) from human epidermal gammadelta T cells. IL-13 significantly reduced the mRNA expression and protein amount of both tyrosinase and DCT and reduced melanin synthesis activities in NHEMs, resulting in visible brightening of NHEM pellet. These results suggest that enhancement of IL-13 production by GF1 from epidermal gammadelta T cells might play a role in the skin-whitening effect of GF1 via the suppression of tyrosinase and DCT.

Description

Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of Ginsenoside Rg1, demonstrates competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 activity and weaker inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.

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