Pilocarpine HClMuscarinic agonist CAS# 54-71-7 |
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Quality Control & MSDS
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| Cas No. | 54-71-7 | SDF | Download SDF |
| PubChem ID | 5909 | Appearance | White powder |
| Formula | C11H17ClN2O2 | M.Wt | 244.72 |
| Type of Compound | Alkaloids | Storage | Desiccate at -20°C |
| Solubility | H2O : ≥ 37 mg/mL (151.19 mM) DMSO : 6.8 mg/mL (27.79 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming) *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. | ||
| Chemical Name | (3S-cis)-3-Ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methy | ||
| SMILES | CCC1C(COC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2C.Cl | ||
| Standard InChIKey | RNAICSBVACLLGM-GNAZCLTHSA-N | ||
| Standard InChI | InChI=1S/C11H16N2O2.ClH/c1-3-10-8(6-15-11(10)14)4-9-5-12-7-13(9)2;/h5,7-8,10H,3-4,6H2,1-2H3;1H/t8-,10-;/m0./s1 | ||
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months. We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months. Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it. |
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| About Packaging | 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. 2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial. 3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment. |
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| Shipping Condition | Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request. | ||
| Description | 1. Pilocarpine hydrochloride appears to be effective for dry mouth associated with Sjögren's syndrome. 2. Pilocarpine hydrochloride has acaricidal activity. |
Pilocarpine HCl Dilution Calculator
Pilocarpine HCl Molarity Calculator
| 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 20 mg | 25 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0863 mL | 20.4315 mL | 40.863 mL | 81.7261 mL | 102.1576 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8173 mL | 4.0863 mL | 8.1726 mL | 16.3452 mL | 20.4315 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4086 mL | 2.0432 mL | 4.0863 mL | 8.1726 mL | 10.2158 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0817 mL | 0.4086 mL | 0.8173 mL | 1.6345 mL | 2.0432 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0409 mL | 0.2043 mL | 0.4086 mL | 0.8173 mL | 1.0216 mL |
| * Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations. | |||||
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Pilocarpine HCl is a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist used to produce an experimental model of epilepsy.
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Preparation and characterization of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles of pilocarpine HCl for ocular application.[Pubmed:22813238]
Pharm Dev Technol. 2013 May-Jun;18(3):701-9.
Pilocarpine is used topically in the treatment of glaucoma. Various studies were performed to improve the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs in ocular drug delivery. Drug loaded polymeric and lipid nanoparticles offer several favourable biological properties, such as biodegradability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility and mucoadhesiveness. Therefore, preparing positively-charged Pilocarpine HCl-loaded polymeric and lipid nanoparticles was the purpose of this study. Nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The non-biodegradable positively-charged polymer Eudragit((R)) RS 100 and semi-solid lipid excipient Gelucire((R)) 44/14 were used as a vehicle, the cationic lipid octadecylamine was used as a cationic agent. The formulations were evaluated in terms of particle size, size distribution, zeta potential measurement, thermal behavior (Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC), entrapment efficacy and pH. Characterizations of nanoparticles were analyzed during the storage period of 6 months for stability tests. Polymeric and lipid nanoparticles could be prepared successfully promising their use for ophthalmic delivery.
Oral pilocarpine HCl stimulates labial (minor) salivary gland flow in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.[Pubmed:9467349]
Oral Dis. 1997 Jun;3(2):93-8.
Pilocarpine HCl has been shown to stimulate parotid and submandibular gland salivary flow. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this cholinergic-muscarinic drug also stimulates labial (minor) salivary gland (LSG) flow and to relate that with whole unstimulated salivary (WUS) flow rates. Subjects diagnosed with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS-1; n = 9) or secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SS-2; n = 9) were enrolled in this study after meeting stringent enrollment criteria. An age-gender matched control group was also enrolled. The labial saliva was collected in a standardized manner on Periopaper for 5 min and the volume was analysed by the Periotron. Whole unstimulated salivary samples were collected for 5 min by the method of Mandel and Wotman (1976). Each subject was dosed with Pilocarpine HCl (5 mg; tablets; p.o.). After 60 min the LSG flow as well as the WUS flow was determined again as previously. The results indicated a significant (> 180%) increase in both labial salivary gland flow as well as whole salivary flow in the SS-1 and SS-2 subjects (mean +/- s.e.m.): [SS-1: WUS = 0.1080 +/- 0.03 vs 0.2242 +/- 0.03 ml per 5 min; LSG = 93.1 +/- 22.2 vs 167.8 +/- 15.9 microliters/5 min; P < 0.001; SS-2: WUS = 0.1384 +/- 0.02 vs 0.2775 +/- 0.09 ml per 5 min; LSG = 97.7 +/- 20.2 vs 182.8 +/- 17.9 microliters per 5 min; P < 0.001]. These results indicate a significant increase in labial salivary gland flow as well as whole salivary flow as stimulated by Pilocarpine HCl in Sjogren's syndrome patients.
Influence of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxyalkylated beta-cyclodextrin derivatives on the in vitro corneal uptake and permeation of aqueous pilocarpine-HCl solutions.[Pubmed:9188054]
J Pharm Sci. 1997 Jun;86(6):716-20.
Interactions in aqueous solution between pilocarpine hydrochloride (P-HCl), a rather hydrophilic drug with good water solubility, and various cyclodextrins (CDs) were described recently. To assess the influence of CDs on the diffusion behavior of pilocarpine, in vitro studies were performed using porcine or bovine corneas as diffusion barriers. The affinity of P-HCl for porcine cornea in the presence of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) and (hydroxyethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (HE-beta-CD) was determined by drug uptake experiments. Additionally, in vitro permeation experiments through bovine corneas were conducted with a modified diffusion device optimized for corneal perfusion studies. The results obtained from the corneal uptake studies indicate that the addition of alpha-CD led to increased tissue drug levels. The increase in permeability of pilocarpine in the presence of alpha-CD was approximately 10-fold (log Papp = -4.87 +/- 0.03) in comparison with plain P-HCl solution (log Papp = -5.89 +/- 0.06). Permeation studies with corneas pretreated with alpha-CD solution revealed enhanced corneal permeability of pilocarpine due to alpha-CD induced membrane effects. The hydroxyalkylated beta-CD derivatives HE-beta-CD (log Papp = -6.27 +/- 0.09) and (hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD; log Papp = -6.40 +/- 0.03), however, seemed to cause slightly decreased permeation rates, supporting the concept of an interaction between pilocarpine and the hydroxyalkylated-beta-CD derivatives. Considering physiological compatibility, the addition of CDs seems to be an effective tool to modify and optimize the ocular availability of pilocarpine.
Prolonged effect of liposomes encapsulating pilocarpine HCl in normal and glaucomatous rabbits.[Pubmed:10722948]
Int J Pharm. 2000 Mar 30;198(1):29-38.
The possibility of using liposomes as an ophthalmic drug delivery carrier for the lipophilic drug, Pilocarpine HCl, was investigated on the eyes of normal and glaucomatous pigmented rabbits. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of rabbits was measured, using a Shi∅tz tonometer, as a function of time after topical administration with free drug, neutral and negatively charged multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) encapsulating Pilocarpine HCl. The results showed that administration with neutral MLVs displayed the most prolonged effect with respect to negatively charged MLVs and free drug. The efficiency of MLVs encapsulating Pilocarpine HCl, measured using spectrophotometric technique, was found to be 96% in our modified preparations. The storage stability of MLVs encapsulating Pilocarpine HCl was investigated by measuring phase transition and size distribution using light scattering technique. The results show that liposomes encapsulating Pilocarpine HCl have kept their integrity and physicochemical properties for at least 15 months, which makes them suitable for commercial use.
Pilocarpine modulates the cellular electrical properties of mammalian hearts by activating a cardiac M3 receptor and a K+ current.[Pubmed:10372814]
Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;126(8):1725-34.
1. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, is widely used for treatment of xerostomia and glaucoma. It can also cause many other cellular responses by activating different subtypes of mAChRs in different tissues. However, the potential role of pilocarpine in modulating cardiac function remained unstudied. 2. We found that pilocarpine produced concentration-dependent (0.1-10 microM) decrease in sinus rhythm and action potential duration, and hyperpolarization of membrane potential in guinea-pig hearts. The effects were nearly completely reversed by 1 microM atropine or 2 nM 4DAMP methiodide (an M3-selective antagonist). 3. Patch-clamp recordings in dispersed myocytes from guinea-pig and canine atria revealed that pilocarpine induces a novel K+ current with delayed rectifying properties. The current was suppressed by low concentrations of M3-selective antagonists 4DAMP methiodide (2-10 nM), 4DAMP mustard (4-20 nM, an ackylating agent) and p-F-HHSiD (20-200 nM). Antagonists towards other subtypes (M1, M2 or M4) all failed to alter the current. 4. The affinity of pilocarpine (KD) at mAChRs derived from displacement binding of [3H]-NMS in the homogenates from dog atria was 2.2 microM (65% of the total binding) and that of 4DAMP methiodide was 2.8 nM (70% of total binding), consistent with the concentration of pilocarpine needed for the current induction and for the modulation of the cardiac electrical activity and the concentration of 4DAMP to block pilocarpine effects. 5. Our data indicate, for the first time, that pilocarpine modulates the cellular electrical properties of the hearts, likely by activating a K+ current mediated by M3 receptors.
