RS 102895 hydrochloride

RS102895 hydrochloride is a potent CCR2 antagonist, with an IC50 of 360 nM, and shows no effect on CCR1.

In Vitro:RS102895 hydrochloride is a potent CCR2 antagonist, with an IC50 of 360 nM, and shows no effect on CCR1. RS102895 also inhibits human α1a and α1d receptors, rat brain cortex 5HT1a receptor in cells with IC50s of 130, 320, 470 nM, respectively. RS102895 suppresses wild type and D284N mutant MCP-1 receptor (IC50, 550 nM and 568 nM, respectively), less potently inhibits D284A MCP-1 receptor (IC50, 1892 nM), and has no effects on E291A, E291Q, D284A/E291A or D284N/E291Q (IC50, >100,000 nM)[1]. RS102895 ameliorates the increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression by inhibition of CCR2 at 10 μM, and obviously blocks fibronectin and type IV collagen protein expression in high glucose (HG)-stimulated mesangial cells (MCs) at 1 or 10 μM. RS102895 (10 μM) also abrogates the increased TGF-1 levels in MCs treated with MCP-1[2].

In Vivo:RS102895 (3 g/L) causes progressive decrease in pain threshold in rats with bone cancer pain (BCP) at day 3-9 after surgery via intrathecal injection, but the pain threshold increases after 12 days. RS102895 also potently reverses the pattern of NR2B, nNOS, and SIGIRR expression in spinal cord[3].

References:
[1]. Mirzadegan T, et al. Identification of the binding site for a novel class of CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonists: binding to a common chemokine receptor motif within the helical bundle. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25562-71. [2]. Park J, et al. MCP-1/CCR2 system is involved in high glucose-induced fibronectin and type IV collagen expression in cultured mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):F749-57. [3]. Ren F, et al. Analgesic Effect of Intrathecal Administration of Chemokine Receptor CCR2 Antagonist is Related to Change in Spinal NR2B, nNOS, and SIGIRR Expression in Rat with Bone Cancer Pain. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015 Jun;72(2):611-6.

Identification of the binding site for a novel class of CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonists: binding to a common chemokine receptor motif within the helical bundle.[Pubmed:10770925]

J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25562-71.

Monocyte chemoattracant-1 (MCP-1) stimulates leukocyte chemotaxis to inflammatory sites, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and asthma, by use of the MCP-1 receptor, CCR2, a member of the G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor superfamily. These studies identified a family of antagonists, spiropiperidines. One of the more potent compounds blocks MCP-1 binding to CCR2 with a K(d) of 60 nm, but it is unable to block binding to CXCR1, CCR1, or CCR3. These compounds were effective inhibitors of chemotaxis toward MCP-1 but were very poor inhibitors of CCR1-mediated chemotaxis. The compounds are effective blockers of MCP-1-driven inhibition of adenylate cyclase and MCP-1- and MCP-3-driven cytosolic calcium influx; the compounds are not agonists for these pathways. We showed that glutamate 291 (Glu(291)) of CCR2 is a critical residue for high affinity binding and that this residue contributes little to MCP-1 binding to CCR2. The basic nitrogen present in the spiropiperidine compounds may be the interaction partner for Glu(291), because the basicity of this nitrogen was essential for affinity; furthermore, a different class of antagonists, a class that does not have a basic nitrogen (2-carboxypyrroles), were not affected by mutations of Glu(291). In addition to the CCR2 receptor, spiropiperidine compounds have affinity for several biogenic amine receptors. Receptor models indicate that the acidic residue, Glu(291), from transmembrane-7 of CCR2 is in a position similar to the acidic residue contributed from transmembrane-3 of biogenic amine receptors, which may account for the shared affinity of spiropiperidines for these two receptor classes. The models suggest that the acid-base pair, Glu(291) to piperidine nitrogen, anchors the spiropiperidine compound within the transmembrane ovoid bundle. This binding site may overlap with the space required by MCP-1 during binding and signaling; thus the small molecule ligands act as antagonists. An acidic residue in transmembrane region 7 is found in most chemokine receptors and is rare in other serpentine receptors. The model of the binding site may suggest ways to make new small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists, and it may rationalize the design of more potent and selective antagonists.

Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 4'-substituted spiro[4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-ones.[Pubmed:6842505]

J Med Chem. 1983 May;26(5):657-61.

A series of 4'-substituted spiro[4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-ones was prepared and evaluated for antihypertensive activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The basic ring system was prepared in one step by condensation of dilithiated (tert-butoxycarbonyl)aniline (3) with (tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidinone. Deprotection afforded 6, which was condensed with expoxides or alkyl halides to furnish the title compounds. The most active compound was dl-erythro-4'-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]spiro [4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-one (9), and various modifications of this compound were made in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationships in the series. Preliminary indications are that 9 may act by both central and peripheral mechanisms.