U0126-EtOH

U0126-EtOH is a selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50 values of 70 nM and 60 nM, resepctively [1].

U0126 was screened out as an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibited AP-1 transcription with IC50 value of 1μM and had no interactions with GREs. U0126 binds MEK1/2 in a unique site. This inhibition of MEK1/2 is noncompetitive with ERK and ATP. U0126 showed no effects on other MAPKKs. In HT22 cells, U0126 treatment significantly inhibited the cell injury caused by oxidative glutamate toxicity and remarkably blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Besides that, U0126 exerted no neuroprotection against other stimuli such as TNFα and actinomycin D. U0126 treatment also protected the primary cultured cortical neurons from oxidative glutamate toxicity and hypoxia/reoxygenation [1, 2].

References:
[1] Duncia J V, Santella III J B, Higley C A, et al. MEK inhibitors: the chemistry and biological activity of U0126, its analogs, and cyclization products. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1998, 8(20): 2839-2844.
[2] Satoh T, Nakatsuka D, Watanabe Y, et al. Neuroprotection by MAPK/ERK kinase inhibition with U0126 against oxidative stress in a mouse neuronal cell line and rat primary cultured cortical neurons. Neuroscience letters, 2000, 288(2): 163-166.

Netrin-1 induces the migration of Schwann cells via p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway mediated by the UNC5B receptor.[Pubmed:26116534]

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Aug 14;464(1):263-8.

Schwann cells (SCs) play an essentially supportive role in the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve system (PNS). As Netrin-1 is crucial for the normal development of nervous system (NS) and can direct the process of damaged PNS regeneration, our study was designed to determine the role of Netrin-1 in RSC96 Schwann cells (an immortalized rat Schwann cell line) proliferation and migration. Our studies demonstrated that Netrin-1 had no effect on RSC96 cells proliferation, while significantly promoted RSC96 cells migration. The Netrin-1-induced RSC96 cells migration was significantly attenuated by inhibition of p38 and PI3K through pretreatment with SB203580 and LY294002 respectively, but not inhibition of MEK1/2 and JNK by U0126-EtOH and SP600125 individually. Treatment with Netrin-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt. QRT-PCR indicated that Netrin-1 and only its receptors Unc5a, Unc5b and Neogenin were expressed in RSC96 cells, among which Unc5b expressed the most. And UNC5B protein was significantly increased after stimulated by Netrin-1. In conclusion, we show here that Netrin-1-enhanced SCs migration is mediated by activating p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signal cascades via receptor UNC5B, which suggests that Netrin-1 could serve as a new therapeutic strategy and has potential application value for PNS regeneration.

[Effect of Picroside II on ERK1/2 Signal Pathway in Cerebral lschemic Injury Rats].[Pubmed:27323616]

Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2016 Apr;36(4):437-44.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of picroside II on extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway in cerebral ischemia injuryrats. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by inserting a monofilament into middle cerebral artery. Totally 96 successfully modeled Wistar rats were divided into the modelgroup, the treatment (picroside II) group, the Lipopolysachcaride (LPS) group, and the U0126 group according to random digit table. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups, i.e. 6, 12, and 24 h sub-groups. Picroside II (20 mg/kg) was peritoneally injected to rats in the treatment group 2 h after ischemia.LPS (20 mg/kg) and Picroside II (20 mg/kg) were peritoneally injected to rats in the LPS group 2 h after ischemia. U0126-EtOH (20 mg/kg)and Picroside II (20 mg/kg) were peritoneally injected to rats in the U0126group 2 h after ischemia. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the control groupand the model group. The neurobehavioral function was evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS) test. The structure of neurons was observed using hematoxylin-eosinstaining (HE) staining. Theapoptotic cells were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1,2 (pERK1,2) in cortex was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot. RESULTS: After cerebral ischemia injury neurological impairment score increased, the damage of neuron in the cortical area was aggravated, apoptotic cells increased in the model group as time went by. The expression of pERK1/2 increased more significantly in the model group than in the control group (P <0.05). The damage of neuron in the cortical area was milder, while apoptotic cells decreased, the expression of pERK1f2 obviously decreased more in the treatment group and the U0126 group (P < 0.05). The early damage of neuron in the cortical area was more severe, apoptotic cells and the expression of pERK12 were comparatively higher in early stage of the LPS group, but the expression of pERK1/2 was somewhat decreased in late stage. CONCLUSIONS: Activating ERK12 pathway could mediate apoptosis and inflammatory reactions of neurons after cerebral ischemia injury. Picroside II could protect the nerve system possibly through reducing activation of ERKI2 pathway, inhibiting apoptosis of neurons and inflammation reaction.

U0126-EtOH is a potent, non-ATP competitive and selective MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 72 nM and 58 nM, respectively. U0126-EtOH is an autophagy and mitophagy inhibitor.

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