6,9,10-Trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-3-one

ZnBr2-Mediated oxidative spiro-bromocyclization of propiolamide for the synthesis of 3-bromo-1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-3,6,9-triene-2,8-dione.[Pubmed:28379277]

Org Biomol Chem. 2017 Apr 18;15(16):3485-3490.

ZnBr2-Mediated oxidative spiro-bromocyclization of N-arylpropiolamide has been described herein for the synthesis of 3-bromo-1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-3,6,9-triene-2,8-dione with high efficiency. One equivalent of water was introduced into the final product. The reaction efficiently proceeded at room temperature, and an excellent tolerance of functional groups was demonstrated. Under standard conditions, 3-bromo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-3,6,9-triene-2,8-dione and 3-bromo-1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-3,6,9-trien-8-one were synthesized.

Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency of 6- to 9-Year-Old Singaporean Children.[Pubmed:28376671]

Percept Mot Skills. 2017 Jun;124(3):584-600.

Fundamental movement proficiency (FMS) is most successfully acquired during early school years. This cross-sectional study assessed FMS proficiency in Singaporean children at the start of and following 2.5 years of primary school physical education (PE). Participants were 244 children from Primary 1 and 3 levels. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) that includes locomotor (LOCO) and object control (OC) subtests. Most children were rated "average" and "below average" for LOCO skills but "poor" and "below average" for OC skills without significant gender differences on either subtest or overall FMS proficiency and without FMS mastery. These young Singaporean children failed to exhibit age-appropriate FMS proficiency despite early PE exposure, and they demonstrated lags in FMS compared with the TGMD-2 U.S. normative sample. We discuss implications for sports competence perception, difficulty in coping with later movement learning expectations and reduced later motivation to participate in PE and play. We also discuss implications for preschool and lower primary school PE curricula with a particular focus on both OC skills and LOCO skills requiring muscular fitness like hopping and jumping.

Foxn1 and Mmp-9 expression in intact skin and during excisional wound repair in young, adult, and old C57Bl/6 mice.[Pubmed:28371152]

Wound Repair Regen. 2017 Apr;25(2):248-259.

The transcription factor Foxn1 is essential for skin development. Our previous studies performed on young C57BL/6J mice model showed that Foxn1 acts as regulator of the skin wound healing process. The present study extended our initial research regarding the expression and potential role of Foxn1 in the intact and wounded skin as a function of animal age and stage of the wound healing process. We analyzed Foxn1 and Mmp-9 expression in the intact and postinjured skin of young, adult, and old C57BL/6J and transgenic Foxn1::Egfp mice. The similar levels of epidermal Foxn1 mRNA expression were detected in young and adult C57BL/6J mice and higher levels in old animals. Postinjured skin tissues displayed a gradual decrease of Foxn1 mRNA expression at Days 1, 5, and 7 after injury. Foxn1-eGFP positive cells were abundant at wound margin and in re-epithelialized epidermis at postwounded Days 1, 5, and 7 and colocalized with E-cadherin and Mmp-9. Postwounded skin at Days 14-36 displayed Foxn1-eGFP cells in the epidermis and in the dermal part of the skin (papillary dermis). A subset of Foxn1-eGFP positive cells in the papillary dermis expressed the myofibroblast marker alphaSMA. Flow cytometric analysis of cells isolated from postwounded (Day 7) skin tissues showed a significant increase in the percentage of Foxn1-eGFP positive cells with phenotype of double positivity for E-cadherin/N-cadherin (epithelial/mesenchymal markers). Collectively, these data identify the transcription factor Foxn1 as a potential key epidermal regulator modifying both epidermal and dermal healing processes after cutaneous wounding.

Crystal structure of 5,6-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole: distortion from a hypothetical higher-symmetry structure.[Pubmed:28378715]

Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem. 2017 Apr 1;73(Pt 4):319-324.

Nucleophilic substitution of F atoms in 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DFBT) for carbazole could be potentially interesting as a novel way of synthesizing building blocks for new conjugated materials for applications in organic chemistry. The crystal structures of 5,6-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DCBT), C30H18N4S, and its hydrate, C30H18N4S.0.125H2O, were investigated using single-crystal X-ray analysis. The hydrate contains two symmetry-independent DCBT molecules. The dihedral angles between the plane of the central benzothiadiazole fragment and that of the carbazole units vary between 50.8 and 69.9 degrees , indicating conformational flexibility of the DCBT molecule in the crystals, which is consistent with quantum chemical calculations. The analysis of the crystal packing of DCBT revealed that the experimental triclinic structure could be described as a distortion from a hypothetical higher-symmetry monoclinic structure. The quantum chemical calculations of two possible monoclinic structures, which are related to the experimental structure by a shifting of molecular layers, showed that the proposed structures are higher in energy by 5.4 and 10.1 kcal mol(-1). This energy increase is caused by less dense crystal packings of the symmetric structures, which results in a decrease of the number of intermolecular interactions.