AP1903

IC50: 5 nM for F36V-FKBP in competition fluorescence polarization assay

FKBP ligand homodimers can be used to trigger signaling events inside cells and animals that have been engineered to express fusions between and FKBP appropriate signaling domains. However, use of these dimerizers in vivo is potentially limited by ligand binding to endogenous FKBP. AP1903 is a homodimer of the modified ligand for FKBP.

In vitro: By selective inhibition of FKBP, AP1903 elicited potent and dose-dependent apoptotic death of the human fibrosarcoma line HT1080 engineered cells in culture, with an EC50 of ~0.1 nM [1].

In vivo: In an mouse model of conditional cell ablation, animals were i.v. treated with various doses of AP1903, and then serum hGH levels were determined as a measure of the number of surviving cells. Results showed that AP1903 elicited a dose-dependent decrease in levels of serum hGH, with a half-maximal effective dose of 0.4 mg/kg [1].

Clinical trials: In an intravenous, single-blind, placebo- and saline-controlled, ascending-dose study, AP1903 was shown to be safe and well tolerated at all dose levels and demonstrated a favorable PK profile at doses well above the anticipated therapeutic dose [2].

References:
[1] Clackson T, Yang W, Rozamus LW, Hatada M, Amara JF, Rollins CT, Stevenson LF, Magari SR, Wood SA, Courage NL, Lu X, Cerasoli F Jr, Gilman M, Holt DA.  Redesigning an FKBP-ligand interface to generate chemical dimerizers with novel specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 1;95(18):10437-42.
[2] Iuliucci JD, Oliver SD, Morley S, Ward C, Ward J, Dalgarno D, Clackson T, Berger HJ.   Intravenous safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel dimerizer drug, AP1903, in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Aug;41(8):870-9.

Intravenous safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel dimerizer drug, AP1903, in healthy volunteers.[Pubmed:11504275]

J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Aug;41(8):870-9.

AP1903 is a novel gene-targeted drug that is being developed for use in drug-regulated cell therapies. An intravenous, single-blind, placebo- and saline-controlled, ascending-dose study was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of AP1903. Twenty-eight normal healthy male volunteers were randomized into five dosage groups of AP1903 (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg). Within each group, 4 volunteers received a single dose of AP1903, 1 volunteer received an equal volume of placebo, and 1 received an equal volume of normal saline. The only exception was in the 0.5 mg/kg group, in which 4 volunteers were dosed: 3 received AP1903 and 1 received normal saline. All dosages were administered as intravenous infusions over 2 hours. Clinical safety parameters were monitored, and serial blood and urine samples were collected for analysis of AP1903. No drug-related adverse events were observed at any of the dose levels with the possible exception of facial flushing in 1 volunteer at the 1.0 mg/kg dose level. AP1903 plasma levels were directly proportional to the administered dose, with mean Cmax values ranging from approximately 10 to 1,275 ng/mL over the 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg dose range. Following the infusion period, blood concentrations revealed a rapid distribution phase, with plasma levels being reduced to approximately 18%, 7%, and 1% of the maximal concentration at 0.5, 2, and 10 hours postdose, respectively. AP1903 was shown to be safe and well tolerated at all dose levels and demonstrated a favorable pharmacokinetic profile at doses well above the anticipated therapeutic dose.

Rimiducid (AP1903) is a dimerizer agent that acts by cross-linking the FKBP domains. Rimiducid (AP1903) dimerizes the Caspase 9 suicide switch and rapidly induces apoptosis.

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