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Cystamine dihydrochloride

Transglutaminase inhibitor; neuroprotective CAS# 56-17-7

Cystamine dihydrochloride

Catalog No. BCC6344----Order now to get a substantial discount!

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Chemical structure

Cystamine dihydrochloride

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Cystamine dihydrochloride

Cas No. 56-17-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5941 Appearance Powder
Formula C4H14Cl2N2S2 M.Wt 225.2
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble to 100 mM in water and to 100 mM in DMSO
Chemical Name 2-(2-aminoethyldisulfanyl)ethanamine;dihydrochloride
SMILES C(CSSCCN)N.Cl.Cl
Standard InChIKey YUFRRMZSSPQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C4H12N2S2.2ClH/c5-1-3-7-8-4-2-6;;/h1-6H2;2*1H
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Cystamine dihydrochloride

DescriptionTransglutaminase inhibitor. Attenuates cell death induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in Huntington's disease (HD) striatal cells. Also decreases aggregated and cross-linked huntingtin in transfected cells, and increases brain levels of BDNF. Shown to extend survival and improve motor performance in transgenic HD mice. Neuroprotective.

Cystamine dihydrochloride Dilution Calculator

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Cystamine dihydrochloride Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Cystamine dihydrochloride

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 4.4405 mL 22.2025 mL 44.405 mL 88.8099 mL 111.0124 mL
5 mM 0.8881 mL 4.4405 mL 8.881 mL 17.762 mL 22.2025 mL
10 mM 0.444 mL 2.2202 mL 4.4405 mL 8.881 mL 11.1012 mL
50 mM 0.0888 mL 0.444 mL 0.8881 mL 1.7762 mL 2.2202 mL
100 mM 0.0444 mL 0.222 mL 0.444 mL 0.8881 mL 1.1101 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Cystamine dihydrochloride

Cystamine and cysteamine increase brain levels of BDNF in Huntington disease via HSJ1b and transglutaminase.[Pubmed:16604191]

J Clin Invest. 2006 May;116(5):1410-24.

There is no treatment for the neurodegenerative disorder Huntington disease (HD). Cystamine is a candidate drug; however, the mechanisms by which it operates remain unclear. We show here that cystamine increases levels of the heat shock DnaJ-containing protein 1b (HSJ1b) that are low in HD patients. HSJ1b inhibits polyQ-huntingtin-induced death of striatal neurons and neuronal dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. This neuroprotective effect involves stimulation of the secretory pathway through formation of clathrin-coated vesicles containing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cystamine increases BDNF secretion from the Golgi region that is blocked by reducing HSJ1b levels or by overexpressing transglutaminase. We demonstrate that cysteamine, the FDA-approved reduced form of cystamine, is neuroprotective in HD mice by increasing BDNF levels in brain. Finally, cysteamine increases serum levels of BDNF in mouse and primate models of HD. Therefore, cysteamine is a potential treatment for HD, and serum BDNF levels can be used as a biomarker for drug efficacy.

Cystamine and cysteamine prevent 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells.[Pubmed:16623826]

Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Apr;23(7):1701-10.

Abstract Cystamine significantly improved motor deficits and extended survival in mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD); however, the precise mechanism(s) by which cystamine and the related compound cysteamine are beneficial remain to be elucidated. Using clonal striatal cell lines from wild-type (STHdhQ7/HdhQ7) and mutant huntingtin knock-in (STHdhQ111/HdhQ111) mice, we have tested the hypothesis that cystamine and cysteamine could be beneficial by preventing the depolarization of mitochondria in cell cultures. Treatment with 3-nitroproprionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, induces mitochondrial depolarization and cell death of mutant HD striatal cells but not of wild-type cells. The 3-NP-mediated decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential was attenuated by 50 microm cystamine and completely inhibited by 250 microm cystamine. Similar results were obtained using cysteamine (50-500 microm). In addition, both cystamine and cysteamine significantly attenuated the 3-NP-induced cell death. Treatment of mutant HD striatal cells with 3-NP resulted in a robust decrease in the cellular and mitochondrial levels of glutathione (GSH) compared with cells exposed to the vehicle alone. Pre-treatment of the cells with cystamine and cysteamine completely prevented the 3-NP-mediated decrease in cellular and mitochondrial GSH levels. Incubation with L-buthionine (S,R) sulfoximine (BSO) 250 microm in combination with cystamine (250 microm) or cysteamine (250 microm) prior to being treated with 3-NP completely prevented the beneficial effects of cystamine and cysteamine on the 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial depolarization. These results demonstrate that cystamine and cysteamine prevent the 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of HD striatal cell cultures.

Therapeutic effects of cystamine in a murine model of Huntington's disease.[Pubmed:12388601]

J Neurosci. 2002 Oct 15;22(20):8942-50.

The precise cause of neuronal death in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Proteolytic products of the huntingtin protein can contribute to toxic cellular aggregates that may be formed in part by tissue transglutaminase (Tgase). Tgase activity is increased in HD brain. Treatment in R6/2 transgenic HD mice, using the transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine, significantly extended survival, improved body weight and motor performance, and delayed the neuropathological sequela. Tgase activity and N(Sigma)-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine (GGEL) levels were significantly altered in HD mice. Free GGEL, a specific biochemical marker of Tgase activity, was markedly elevated in the neocortex and caudate nucleus in HD patients. Both Tgase and GGEL immunoreactivities colocalized to huntingtin aggregates. Cystamine treatment normalized transglutaminase and GGEL levels in R6/2 mice. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that transglutaminase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD, and they identify cystamine as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HD patients.

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