LAQ824 (NVP-LAQ824,Dacinostat)

LAQ824 (also known as NVP-LAQ824 or Dacinostat), a derivative of 4-aminomethylcinnamic hydroxamic acid, is a novel and potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that inhibits the activity of HDAC with 50% inhibition concentration IC₅₀ value of 0.03 μM. LAQ824 has been found to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cell lines, including colon cancer H1299 and HCT116 cells, breast cancer MDA435 cells, prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cells and non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells, with IC₅₀ value < 1 μM and induce apoptosis in human breast cancer SKBR-3, BT-474 and MB-468 cells. LAQ824 also dose- and time-dependently inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma cells.

Reference

Catley L, Weisberg E, Tai YT, Atadja P, Remiszewski S, Hideshima T, Mitsiades N, Shringarpure R, LeBlanc R, Chauhan D, Munshi NC, Schlossman R, Richardson P, Griffin J, Anderson KC. NVP-LAQ824 is a potent novel histone deacetylase inhibitor with significant activity against multiple myeloma. Blood. 2003 Oct 1;102(7):2615-22. Epub 2003 Jun 19.

Optimization of the in vitro cardiac safety of hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitors.[Pubmed:21650221]

J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 14;54(13):4752-72.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown promise in treating various forms of cancer. However, many HDAC inhibitors from diverse structural classes have been associated with QT prolongation in humans. Inhibition of the human ether a-go-go related gene (hERG) channel has been associated with QT prolongation and fatal arrhythmias. To determine if the observed cardiac effects of HDAC inhibitors in humans is due to hERG blockade, a highly potent HDAC inhibitor devoid of hERG activity was required. Starting with dacinostat (LAQ824), a highly potent HDAC inhibitor, we explored the SAR to determine the pharmacophores required for HDAC and hERG inhibition. We disclose here the results of these efforts where a high degree of pharmacophore homology between these two targets was discovered. This similarity prevented traditional strategies for mitigating hERG binding/modulation from being successful and novel approaches for reducing hERG inhibition were required. Using a hERG homology model, two compounds, 11r and 25i, were discovered to be highly efficacious with weak affinity for the hERG and other ion channels.

Conformational refinement of hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitors and exploration of 3-piperidin-3-ylindole analogues of dacinostat (LAQ824).[Pubmed:20205394]

J Med Chem. 2010 Apr 8;53(7):2952-63.

Inspired by natural product HDAC inhibitors, we prepared a series of conformationally restrained HDAC inhibitors based on the hydroxamic acid dacinostat (LAQ824, 7). Several scaffolds with improved biochemical and cellular potency, as well as attenuated hERG inhibition, were identified, suggesting that the introduction of molecular rigidity is a viable strategy to enhance HDAC binding and mitigate hERG liability. Further SAR studies around a 3-piperidin-3-ylindole moiety resulted in the discovery of compound 30, for which a unique conformation was speculated to contribute to overcoming increased lipophilicity and attenuating hERG binding. Separation of racemate 30 afforded 32, the R enantiomer, which demonstrated improved potency in both enzyme and cellular assays compared to dacinostat.

Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Malignant Melanoma: A Future Therapeutic Agent or Just Great Expectations?[Pubmed:28982843]

Anticancer Res. 2017 Oct;37(10):5355-5362.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with increasing frequency and mortality. Melanoma is characterized by rapid proliferation and metastases. Malignant transformation of normal melanocytes is associated with imbalance between oncogenes' action and tumor suppressor genes. Mutations or inactivation of these genes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma. Many target-specific agents improved progression-free survival but unfortunately metastatic melanoma remains incurable, so new therapeutic strategies are needed. The balance of histones' acetylation affects cell cycle progression, differentiation and apoptosis. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are associated with different types of cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are enzymes that inhibit the action of HDAC, resulting in block of tumor cell proliferation. A small number of these enzymes has been studied regarding their anticancer effects in melanoma. The purpose of this article was to review the therapeutic effect of HDACI against malignant melanoma, enlightening the molecular mechanisms of their action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE database was used. The keywords/ phrases were; HDACI, melanoma, targeted therapies for melanoma. Our final conclusions were based on studies that didn't refer solely to melanoma due to their wider experimental data. Thirty-two articles were selected from the total number of the search's results. Only English articles published until March 2017 were used. RESULTS: Molecules, such as valproid acid (VPA), LBH589, LAQ824 (dacinostat), vorinostat, tubacin, sirtinol and tx-527, suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA), depsipeptide and Trichostatin A (TSA) have shown promising antineoplastic effects against melanoma. CONCLUSION: HDACI represent a promising agent for targeted therapy. More trials are required.

Dacinostat is a potent HDAC inhibitor, with an IC50 of 32 nM; Dacinostat also inhibits HDAC1 with an IC50 of 9 nM, and used in cancer research.

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